Reproductive and Sexual Health of Chinese Migrants

Objective To investigate the reproductive and sexual health situation, including knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, among a population-based sample of internal migrant workers in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 4 900 rural-to-urban migrants in 6 provinces of China was conducted. Participants completed a 30-min semi-structured questionnaire about contraceptive practices, sexual behavior, and HIV-related knowledge. Results Migrants lacked knowledge of reproductive and sexual health issues. Among those who had heard any sexually transmitted infections （STIs）, only 79.1%, 46.2%, 86.1%, 14.5% and 82.2%, respectively, knew that gonorrhea, condyloma, syphilis, chancroid, and AIDS were STIs. About three-quarters of participants had not used any contraceptive method at sexual debut. Among current users of contraceptive methods, 85.5% indicated that they were satisfied with the method. Before adoption of a contraceptive method, 46.6% of the migrant workers were unaware of the advantages/ disadvantages of the method and 75.3% had no knowledge of emergency contraception. Nearly one-quarter （23.4%） reported that they had premarital sex. Among migrants who were sexually active one month prior to the survey, only 14.0% reported that they had used condoms. Conclusion The limited sexual and reproductive health knowledge and unmet reproductive health services of migrant workers in China underscore the need for a comprehensive package of sexual and reproductive health interventions that combine cognitive and behavioral skills training and target both migrants and health care providers.     

Integration of experimental and computational analysis in the product development and proposals for the sharing of technical knowledge

The automotive industry with both vehicle manufactures and suppliers is a highly competitive branch. The rising customers’ demand for new models with lower prices and higher performances reinforces the pressure on the research and development departments. Design processes of highly complex and customer adjusted products is challenging and requires a high quantity of analysis. Designers’ proposals need to be optimised and verified. In general, several loops are necessary to fulfil all customers’ requests. One possibility to reduce the number of loops is the integration of a product or/and system orientated knowledge management system. In this work, an approach of a structured product/system-based knowledge identification and storage is presented. The first uses of the support highlight its interest and it can be shown how it acts as a boundary object. Different actors are enabled to discuss and share their opinion of expected or observed product/system behaviours. The present article is based on our work in the R and D department of an automotive supplier. The company develops and manufactures chains and timing chain drives for combustion engines. In these systems rotational vibrations emerge. In relation with the hydraulic or mechanic tensioning elements they create linear vibrations as well, and lead to highly complex non-linear systems. The knowledge necessary to design and optimise a chain drive is hence comprehensive and cannot be acquired easily.     

颞骨岩部的临床应用解剖研究

目的 为经颞骨前岩部(petrous bone,PB)的颅底手术入路中,判断耳蜗位置和岩尖切除范围提供解剖学资料。方法 在12个成人头颅标本上,观测岩内面神经(facial nerve,FN)、耳蜗、颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)等结构之间的解剖关系。结果 耳蜗位于膝状神经节(geniculate ganglion,GG)的前下方和岩内ICA膝部的后上方,耳蜗覆盖到ICA膝部的上方。提出以棘孔和GG连线的中点、GG、内耳门内侧缘形成的三角定位耳蜗。ICA水平段与ICA膝部和内耳门内侧缘连线的夹角为67.1±4.3°,耳蜗基底圈至ICA膝部的距离为0.302±0.016cm。结论 在耳前-颞下窝斜坡手术入路中,在中颅底,过ICA膝部做与ICA水平段成67.1±4.3°的夹角,在这个夹角内切除岩尖骨质,不会损伤耳蜗。从前向后切除岩尖骨质时,ICA膝部后方的骨质切除不要超过为0.302±0.016cm,否则会损伤耳蜗。     

Jugular foramen schwannoma in a child treated with complete surgical excision

INTRODUCTION: A rare case of a large jugular foramen tumour presenting as a posterior fossa mass is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient, a 13-year-old boy presented with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and on MRI imaging demonstrated the tumour origin within the jugular foramen, with appearances suggestive of schwannoma. He underwent a complete excision as a single-stage procedure thorough a lateral suboccipital craniotomy with minimal morbidity. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma (WHO I). Jugular foramen schwannoma is virtually unheard of in the paediatric population. CONCLUSION: The differential diagnosis of a jugular foramen tumour includes tumours of the glomus jugulare, meningiomas, schwannomas, myxomas and chondrosarcomas. The imaging characteristics are important when considering this differential diagnosis.     

Feasiblity of The G.I. guide to increase knowledge about the glycaemic index in practice

Background Research findings support the application of the glycaemic index concept in the dietary treatment of diabetes. However, it is still unclear how to use this concept in general practice. The G.I. guide was accordingly developed to be used as an educational tool when introducing the glycaemic index in practice.
Methods A sample of 21 professionals involved with the treatment of diabetes (expert population), and 18 individuals with diabetes (lay population), were included in a pilot study to determine the feasibility of The G.I. guide to increase knowledge about the glycaemic index in practice. All participants were asked to complete a knowledge questionnaire on the glycaemic index before and directly after meeting and discussing The G.I. guide.
Results The mean change in knowledge about the glycaemic index before and after being exposed to The G.I. guide was highly significant in both the expert ( P  < 0.0001) and the lay group ( P  < 0.0001). The G.I. guide did not change lay or expert participants' opinions about healthy eating guidelines.
Conclusion The G.I. guide was effective in increasing knowledge and raising interest about the glycaemic index in practice.     

颅底三维CT在颅颌外科中的应用价值

目的　评价三维CT在颅颌外科中的应用价值。方法　口腔颌面部肿瘤可疑侵及颅底患者54例,治疗前行CT检查,用表面阴影成像法进行重建,后与术中所见对照分析,总结其应用的经验及局限性。结果　证实有颅底破坏者24例,颅底三维CT能很好地反映口腔颌面部肿瘤是否侵及颅底,已及颅底受侵的细节,但也存在着一定的局限性。结论　颅底三维CT可常规应用于可疑口腔颌面部肿瘤侵入颅底的检查。     

六种噻唑型西佛氏碱的合成及其光谱鉴定

本文报道用2-氨基苯并〔d〕噻唑和2-氨基萘并〔2,3-d〕噻唑与4位取代的芳香醛类衍生物缩合,制成六种含有甲亚胺键和噻唑部分的苯并〔d〕噻唑型和萘并〔2,3-d〕噻唑型的西佛氏碱。这些化合物均用紫外、红外和质谱鉴定。     

Relationship between knowledge and claimed compliance with genuine and false nutrition messages

Nutrition education messages about eight different foods, four of them genuine and four false, were set in a Latin square and eight questionnaires were produced and distributed to customers sitting in a cafe. For each message, subjects were asked to score the extent of their agreement and compliance. Scores were adjusted to remove effects of sex, age group and social class. Correlation coefficients between agreement and compliance scores were significant (P < 0.001) for each message. Subjects who had correct knowledge tended towards correct behaviour and those who agreed with misconceptions tended to have incorrect behaviour.     

Blood lactate and mixed venous-arterial PCO2 gradient as indices of poor peripheral perfusion following cardiopulmonary bypass surgry

Conventional indices of tissue perfusion after surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may not accurately reflect disordered cell metabolism. Venous hypercarbia leading to an increased veno-arterial difference in CO₂ tensions (V-aCO₂ gradient) has been shown to reflect critical reductions in systemic and pulmonary blood flow that occur during cardiorespiratory arrest and septic shock. We therefore measured plasma lactate levels and V-aCO₂ gradients in 10 patients (mean age 57.2 years) following CPB and compared them with conventional indices of tissue perfusion. Plasma lactate levels, cardiac index (CI) and oxygen uptake all increased significantly (p<0.05 vs baseline levels) up to 3h following surgery. Oxygen delivery did not change. Plasma lactate levels correlated significantly with CI (r=0.47,p<0.01). V-aCO₂ fell significantly with time (p<0.01 vs baseline). There was an inverse relationship between V-aCO₂ and cardiac index and V-aCO₂ and lactate (r=–0.37,p<0.05;r=–0.3,p<0.05 respectively). We conclude that blood lactate, CI and increase progressively following CPB. An increase in lactate was associated with a decrease in V-aCO₂. An increase in V-aCO₂ was not therefore associated with evidence of inadequate tissue perfusion as indicated by an increased blood lactate concentration.