Determinants of Weight Loss Dieting Among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis

PurposeTo prospectively assess characteristics associated with dieting behaviors in adolescence.MethodsWe analyzed 1,640 adolescents evaluated at 13 and 17 years old (EPITeen cohort), Porto, Portugal. Dieting was assessed only at 17 years, as self-reported frequency of dieting to lose weight in the previous 12 months. The association between participants' characteristics and dieting was summarized using multinomial logistic regression for girls and binary logistic regression for boys.ResultsDieting at 17 years old was significantly more prevalent in girls than in boys (respectively 27.6% and 10.5% for occasional dieting and 12.2% and 2.6% for frequent dieting). In both sexes, overweight and obese adolescents were significantly more likely to engage in dieting but body dissatisfaction was the strongest determinant among girls. Furthermore, dieting frequency also increased with depressive symptomatology and among those involved in health compromising behaviors.ConclusionsBesides body mass index, body image concerns and depressive symptomatology predict dieting throughout adolescence.     

Advanced dental maturity of Finnish 6‐ to 12‐yr‐old children is associated with high energy intake

We studied the association of dental maturity with body mass index (BMI), energy intake, and macronutrient intake. A randomly selected subset (n = 148) of the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) was invited to an oral follow‐up study, and the 6‐ and 12‐yr‐examination data (n = 111, 60 boys) were used. Food records for four consecutive days and BMI values were extracted from the databank of the main STRIP project. The developmental stage of seven permanent mandibular teeth was assessed using panoramic radiographs. The resulting maturity scores were converted to dental age estimates. Three dental‐maturity groups (delayed, average, and advanced) and two BMI groups [normal BMI (≤mean+1SD) and high BMI (>mean+1SD)] were formed. The dental age was higher than the chronological age by 0.6–0.8 yr. Maturity scores for girls were statistically significantly higher than for boys. The distribution of girls into dental‐maturity groups at age 12 yr was different from that of the boys and there were more boys than girls among the high‐BMI group. Children of the advanced dental‐maturity group had a statistically significantly higher energy intake than children in the other groups. We conclude that advanced dental maturity is associated with higher energy intake.     

Does acculturation affect the dietary intakes and body weight status of children of immigrants in the U.S. and other developed countries? A systematic review

Objective: This paper reviews available studies on the relationship between acculturation and obesity among children of immigrants who have at least one foreign-born parent.

Methods: A systematic review of relevant studies was undertaken using PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychInfo.

Results: The initial search identified 1317 potentially relevant publications, of which 21 were retained after three rounds of screening. Most studies were conducted in the U.S. The majority of studies used BMI or overweight/obesity prevalence as the outcome variable, while two studies used dietary intake. Three studies used standardized acculturation scales, while most of the studies used generation, duration of residency in host country, and language as proxy measures of acculturation. The relationship between acculturation and outcomes varied between the host countries and origin countries for children of immigrants.

Conclusion: This study suggests children of immigrants with different cultural backgrounds may interact with host countries to varying degrees, ultimately influencing their diet behaviours and body weight status. Researchers are encouraged to adopt standardized acculturation scales to compare the results across countries and populations.     

健康人群血清骨钙素影响因素的研究 —— 以北京市海淀区为例

目的了解健康人群血清OC的变化及与能量代谢的关系。方法根据排除标准筛选115名受试者(男60人,女55人),用电化学发光法和终点法检测血清OC,能量代谢指标水平,并分析血清OC与TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FINS、FPG、HOMA-IR之间的关系。结果绝经后女性OC水平与男性、绝经前女性差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析中,男、女性年龄与血清OC之间均呈显著负相关(r_男=-0.517和r_女=-0.568)。男、女性BMI与血清OC之间均呈显著负相关(r_男=-0.286和r_女=-0.453)。男性HDL-C与血清OC之间呈显著正相关(rHDL-C=0.271)。女性TG与血清OC之间呈显著负相关(r_(TG)=-0.340);女性HDL-C与血清OC之间呈显著正相关(rHDL-C=0.275)。男性FINS、HOMA-IR与血清OC之间呈显著负相关(r_(FINS)=-0.295,rHOMA-IR=-0.28)。女性FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR与血清OC之间无显著相关性。结论在选取的受试者中,绝经后女性血清OC水平明显低于绝经前女性,绝经后女性出现肥胖较明显。年龄、BMI与血清OC呈显著负相关,即血清OC可能导致肥胖。血清OC与机体能量代谢相关。     

基于体质指数的营养健康教育指导对食管癌根治术后病人营养知信行水平及营养学指标的影响

目的:探讨基于体质指数(BMI)的营养健康教育指导对食管癌根治术后病人营养知信行水平及营养学指标的影响。方法:将117例食管癌根治术后病人抽签分为对照组58例和观察组59例,对照组病人给予延续性饮食指导,观察组病人在延续性饮食指导基础上联合基于BMI的营养健康教育指导。比较两组病人营养知信行水平、营养学指标及不良反应。结果:干预后观察组病人营养行为、营养态度和营养知识评分高于对照组,前白蛋白(PA)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和转铁蛋白(TRF)水平、BMI和上臂肌围均高于对照组(P<0.05),反流性食管炎及腹泻发生率较对照组低(P<0.05),吻合口狭窄、胃排空障碍发生率均低于对照组,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:基于BMI的营养健康教育指导可提高食管癌根治术后病人的营养知信行水平,改善病人营养学指标,降低并发症发生率。