Placental protein 10 (PP10) in the serum of patients with trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic gynaecological tumours

Summary Serum levels of placental protein 10 (PP10) were measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with trophoblastic (n=23) and non-trophoblastic (n=122) gynaecological tumours before, during and after treatment. Elevated levels (>2.0 g/l) were found in 96% of patients with an untreated trophoblastic tumour, and in 22%, 20% and 12% of patients with endornetrial, cervical and ovarian carcinoma, respectively. After treatment the levels fell in patients with trophoblastic disease. Although PP10 may be tumour-associated in such cases, it is premature to assume any significance for PP10 as a tumour marker in clinical practice, because changes in serum hCG levels are much more informative.     

Interaction between endocrine and paracrine peptides in prenatal growth control

The evidence reviewed here shows that the endocrinology of fetal growth is very different from that operating postnatally. Pituitary hormones play little part in stimulating growth of the lean body mass or skeleton although growth hormone (GH) may be involved, in some as yet ill defined way in the ontogeny of the fetal pancreatic islet and insulin secretion. Insulin is important because it stimulates fetal cellular anabolism but acts in a permissive manner: with too little insulin growth is inhibited, with too much growth proceeds at a genetically predetermined rate. Placental lactogen (PL), or other peptides within the GH/PL family, may act as a true growth-promoting hormone in the fetus; it stimulates both cellular metabolism and mitosis. The part played by endocrine control mechanisms in the fetus is set in context by an appreciation of the importance of locally acting tissue growth factors, and in particular the somatomedins. Their part in fetal growth control is intimately bound up with the plane of nutrition experienced by the fetus. It is concluded that the simplest analysis that makes biological sense involves a consideration of hormones, tissue growth factors and nutrition, not hierarchically but as mutually interacting variables.     

Placental transfer of ritodrine hydrochloride in sheep

The purpose of this study was to examine the placental passage of ritodrine hydrochloride in relation to the drug's effects on the fetal circulation. Studies were carried out on nine nulliparous pregnant (120-140 days) ewes with chronically implanted cannulae for measurements of maternal and fetal arterial pressures and for blood sampling. One group of animals received sequential infusions of doses ranging from 0.1 to 30 micrograms/kg per min for 30 min (group 1). A second group was given a constant infusion of the drug at a dose of 3.0 micrograms/kg per min for 4 h (group 2). The peak concentrations of ritodrine in maternal and fetal blood were determined by radioimmunoassay. In group 1 they were 313.4 +/- 24.1 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.) and 12.6 +/- 3.7 ng/ml at the finish of 30.0 micrograms/kg per min infusion for maternal and fetal blood, respectively. In group 2, maternal drug levels were 81.3 +/- 20.4 ng/ml after 30 min and 95.9 +/- 17.1 ng/ml after 4 h of the infusion. Fetal plasma concentrations increased slowly from trace levels at 30 min to 3.3 +/- 0.7 ng/ml at 4 h. Fetal blood pressure and heart rate did not show any significant changes during and after the infusion of ritodrine in both treatment groups. Our findings demonstrate the maternal administration of ritodrine produces no significant effects on the circulatory system of the fetal lamb because of the low transplacental passage of this drug.     

胎盘生长因子及其受体在妇产科领域的研究进展

胎盘生长因子(PLGF)是血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)家族成员之一。它通过与其受体VEGFR-1(Flt-1)结合发挥生物学作用,促进新生血管形成,参与了肿瘤,炎症等病理生理过程。研究表明PLGF及其受体在妊娠并发症、子宫内膜异位症和肿瘤中起着重要作用。     

胎盘早剥139例临床分析

目的：探讨影响胎盘早剥诊断的因素和对不典型胎盘早剥的早期诊断和处理方法。方法：回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院爱婴病房2000年1月～2004年12月胎盘早剥139例临床资料。结果：胎盘早剥发生率为0．58％；病因依次为妊娠期高血压疾病、胎膜早破、外伤、头位难产合并子宫收缩过强、羊水过多、脐带过短、胆汁淤积、人工破膜、双胎等。重型胎盘早剥者其围产儿死亡、新生儿窒息和产后贫血的发生率明显高于轻型胎盘早剥者，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05～0．01）。妊娠〈35周者发生胎盘早剥的围产儿死亡率明显高于妊娠≥35周者，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：胎膜早破是胎盘早剥的第二位病因，怀疑有胎盘早剥时需严密监测胎儿宫内情况并积极处理。     

一种海绵状伤口敷料的制备及结构性能的研究

采用冷冻壳聚糖-明胶共混液诱导相分离的方法，制成多孔性、亲水性、透气性良好的海绵状伤口敷料。通过对海绵体敷料结构及性能的研究，结果表明：壳聚糖与明胶分子之间形成了较强的氢键，壳聚糖中的-NH2与明胶中的-COOH发生酰胺化反应，说明壳聚糖的羟基与交联剂之间有反应发生，其反应历程有待进一步研究。由此可认为两种物质达到分子水平的分散，具有良好的相容性。     

Placental volume and other first-trimester outcomes: are there differences between fresh embryo transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer and natural conception?

Research question

Does mode of conception influence placental volume and other first-trimester outcomes?

胎盘免疫调节肽的抗肿瘤作用

用S180、结肠癌26及FC瘤细胞分别接种于小鼠，建立肿瘤动物模型，然后用胎盘免疫调节肽进行治疗，观察其抑瘤效应。体内实验结果表明：胎盘免疫调节肽可明显抑制S180和结肠癌26瘤细胞的生长，其抑瘤率分别为48％和57％；明显抑制FC瘤细胞的转移。     

The relationship between an aortic isthmus blood flow velocity index and the postnatal neurodevelopmental status of fetuses with placental circulatory insufficiency

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between an abnormal aortic isthmus blood flow index and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome in fetuses with placental circulatory insufficiency. STUDY DESIGN Forty-eight children who were born between 1991 and 1999 were included in this study on the basis of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Prenatal isthmus blood flow index was obtained by dividing the sum of the systolic and diastolic Doppler blood flow velocity integrals by the systolic blood flow integrals. Neurodevelopmental outcome between 2 and 5 years was classified as optimal, when neurologic assessment and developmental quotient were within normal limits and as nonoptimal when abnormal neurologic findings and/or a nonoptimal developmental quotient was present. Neurodevelopmental outcome was analyzed in relation to isthmus flow index and pulsatility indices in the umbilical artery. RESULTS: The mean gestational age at delivery was 33.0 +/- 2 weeks. Nonoptimal neurodevelopmental outcome was found in 60.4% of the children (29/48). An inverse correlation was found between the isthmus blood flow index and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome. All 13 children with an isthmus blood flow index of <0.5 were in the nonoptimal group. All 19 children with an optimal outcome had an isthmus blood flow index of >0.5, but this was also the case for 16 other children with nonoptimal neurodevelopmental outcome. An isthmus blood flow index cut-off value of 0.70 was associated with the highest overall positive and negative predictive values. The pulsatility index in the umbilical artery did not provide any significant contribution in the explanation of the outcome. CONCLUSION: The isthmic blood flow index can help to identify a subgroup of fetuses with placental circulatory insufficiency that might benefit from early delivery.