Subventricular zone-derived neuronal progenitors migrate into the subcortical forebrain of postnatal mice

The presence of a germinal layer and the capacity to generate neurons, once thought restricted to the embryonic brain, persists in the forebrain of both postnatal and adult mammals. The two regions in which this phenomenon has been extensively demonstrated are the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the lateral ventricle subventricular zone (SVZ). SVZ-derived cells migrate along the rostral migratory stream into the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into local interneurons. In this study, using tracer injections into the SVZ at different postnatal ages, we investigated the occurrence of secondary migratory pathways in the mouse subcortical forebrain. During the course of the first week postnatal, in addition to the well-characterized rostral migratory stream, SVZ-derived progenitors migrate in a ventral migratory mass across the nucleus accumbens into the basal forebrain and along a ventrocaudal migratory stream originating at the elbow between the vertical and horizontal limbs of the rostral migratory stream. These cells give rise to granule neurons in the Islands of Calleja and olfactory tubercle pyramidal layer, respectively. In adult, a very small number of cells continue to migrate along the ventrocaudal migratory stream, whereas no migration was observed across the nucleus accumbens. These data demonstrate that in early postnatal and, to a minor extent in adult mice, SVZ-derived cells contribute new neurons to the subcortical forebrain.     

Phosphorylation of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori CagA</Emphasis> in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis

The effects ofHelicobacter pylori infection are strongly associated with chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, and MALT lymphoma. The microorganism has been classified as a type I carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Varying clinical results fromH. pylori infection are believed due, in part, to differences in virulence among species. Thecag pathogenicity island is a complex of virulent genes and a coding region for the type IV phosphorylated secretion system. Through this system, many virulent gene products or proteins are phosphorylated into the host cells. This study demonstrated the positiveCagA- phosphorylation effect ofH. pylori in patients with chronic gastritis and benign gastric ulcer and revealed significantly different rates ofCagA phosphorylation between these two diseases (P < .05).     

CpG island methylation status and mutation analysis of the RB1 gene essential promoter region and protein-binding pocket domain in nervous system tumours

A series of 136 nervous system tumours were studied to determine the methylation status of the CpG island contained within the promoter region of the RB1 gene, as well as mutation analysis of the essential promoter region and exons 20-24 (and surrounding intronic regions) coding for the protein-binding pocket domain. Methylation of the RB1 CpG island was detected in 26 samples corresponding to nine glioblastomas, three anaplastic astrocytomas, one mixed oligo-astrocytoma, one ependymoma, two medulloblastomas, two primary central nervous system lymphomas, two neurofibrosarcomas, and six brain metastasis from solid tumours. No inactivating mutations were found within the RB1 promoter region, whereas one glioblastoma and one oligodendroglioma displayed similar sequence variations consisting of 12 and 8 base pair deletions at intron 21. These results suggest that RB1 CpG island hypermethylation is a common epigenetic event that is associated with the development of malignant nervous system tumours.     

Palatal reconstruction with the palatal island flap

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The management of palatal defects resulting from the extirpation of benign and malignant lesions uses a variety of methods, with the optimal techniques allowing maximal postoperative function with minimal morbidity. The palatal island flap is an effective, reliable technique for reconstructing postablative oral cavity defects. METHODS: All patients who underwent palatal resections for benign or malignant lesions at a tertiary care, referral-based head and neck cancer center since 1995 were eligible. Ten patients were identified whose surgical defects were reconstructed with palatal island flaps. The cases were reviewed for the symptomatology, tumor features, defect size, perioperative and postoperative management, complications, and impact on palatal function. RESULTS: Ten patients ranging in age from 18 to 81 years underwent palatal island mucoperiosteal flaps after resection of a variety of benign and malignant tumors, most arising from minor salivary glands. The defects ranged in size from 5 to 15 cm2, with extension into the floor of the nose in four cases and to the skull base in two. Nine patients were discharged on a regimen of oral diet, and no patient manifested permanent velopharyngeal insufficiency, speech impairment, or airway compromise. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 6 years, with an average follow-up of 18.5 months. Delayed donor site re-epithelialization required debridement in one case, and two patients required obturation of small oronasal fistulae. CONCLUSION: The palatal island mucoperiosteal flap provides an effective means of reconstructing hard and soft palate defects with few complications and low morbidity.     

产毒性大肠杆菌（ETEC）中毒力岛分布的研究

目的 了解小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌强毒力岛在产毒性大肠杆菌中的分布,以便于进一步深入研究毒力岛在大肠杆菌中的结构的完整性和功能。方法 PCR扩增和原位杂交及基因序列分析,结果 在检测的93株产毒性大肠杆菌（ETEC）的毒力岛的检出率为32.25%(32/93),而且这些阳性菌株中的毒力岛大部分连接到asntRNA(天门冬氨酸tRNA0位点。结论 产毒性大肠杆菌是致病性较强的病原菌之一,而小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌强毒力岛在产毒性大肠杆菌中阳性率较高的分布。对于进一步研究产毒性大肠杆菌的毒力的变化和毒力的调控以及细菌毒力的进化具有重要意义。     

Pitanguy's Method of Protruding Ear Correction from Our Own Experience: Review of 80 Cases

A recent review of the literature revealed more than 20 methods of correction of protruding ears. Pitanguy's cartilage island flap technique is still not widespread. However, it is extraordinarily versatile and effective from our own experience. The aim of this study is to present our own experience in the correction of prominent ears using this method. According to Pitanguy's cartilage island flap technique, 80 patients were operated on at the Private Plastic Surgery Clinic from 1992 to 1999. There were 45 (56%) female and 35 (44%) male patients, aged from 9 to 37 years (22 years on average). All procedures were performed under local anesthesia. In the follow-up period of 1 to 8 years the final aesthetic results were estimated as very good in 68 (85%) patients and good in 12 (15%) patients. Early complications in the form of bleeding occurred in three (3.75%) patients. Asymmetry in the ears' position was qualified as a late complication and occurred in four (5%) patients.     

诺和锐30治疗老年初诊2型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的 观察诺和锐30对老年初诊2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖控制，高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法 对60例老年初诊的T2DM患者应用诺和锐30治疗6mo后，分析比较治疗前后空腹血糖（FPG）及餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlC）、hs-CRP、胰岛素抵抗指数（IR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、体重指数（BMI）。结果 诺和锐30治疗6mo后，FPG、2hPG、HbA1C均较治疗前明显下降p〈0．01，hs—CRP、IR较治疗前明显下降P〈0．05，MAP、BMI治疗前后无明显改变p〉0．05。结论 诺和锐30治疗可显著降低血糖和hs-CRP，改善胰岛素抵抗。     

Primary reconstruction by modified cervical island skin flap following resection of oral and pharyngeal cancer

Summary Reconstruction of the intraoral defect following cancer surgery often causes formation of fistula, impairment of lingual movement, and prolonged hospitalization by secondary reconstruction. To reduce such complications, the modified cervical island skin flap method as a one-stage intraoral reconstruction was used in 18 patients. Lateral cervical island flap was used in 15 cases and the median flap in three. This method proved to be successful for 17 patients. One patient who received a preoperative full dose of irradiation developed a fistula. There were two types of healing of the skin flap. The postoperative external appearance and function of the tongue were commendable.