农残速测卡与气相色谱在检测蔬菜有机磷农药残留中的对比试验

[目的]证实农残速测卡在检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的可靠性。[方法]通过农残速测卡定性检测与气相色谱定量分析蔬菜中的有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药的对比试验。[结果]通过近1000批次的速测卡定性测定与气相色谱的定量分析比较，在被检出大于0.02mg/kg的农药残留的批次中，定性定量符合率分别为甲氨磷95．4％，氧化乐果81％，呋喃丹90．5％，甲拌磷81．8％。[结论]农残速测卡不仅检测速度快、操作简便、不需昂贵的仪器，而且检测面更广，特别适合现场检测以及大批样品的筛选检测。     

废纸制浆造纸生产线职业病危害因素识别与控制技术

目的识别废纸制浆造纸的职业病危害因素,评价其控制效果及技术措施的可行性。方法职业卫生现场调查法、检测分析法相结合进行职业病危害因素识别与评估。结果该生产线尘、毒检测结果合格率97.06%,噪声监测结果合格率68.75%。结论尽可能密闭有害物逸散点,加强局部通风排毒是造纸业职业病危害控制的主要技术措施;噪声是造纸业较为严重的职业病危害之一,其控制技术有待进一步探讨。     

如何著录医学论文文后英文参考文献

本文主要从责任者、专著、连续出版物、析出文献等方面介绍医学论文文后英文参考文献的著录要求与格式,内容涉及正文、作者、题名的著录方法及外文姓名和刊名缩写的一般规则,以帮助读者准确著录参考文献。     

Determination of plasma cholinesterase activity by means of a test paper and its use in the field

On the basis of four years experience in Africa and Sweden, the authors describe the use of test papers for the determination of plasma cholinesterase (Acholest) both in the laboratory and in the field. The equipment required to perform this test under both conditions is described in detail. It is recommended that the newly compiled table for temperature correction be used and that the results be expressed in units according to Richterich. In an adult male Senegalese population, a mean value of 63.5 U (extremes 45–120 U) was found for the enzyme activity. It is recommended that mean values be established for different populations. It is also necessary to know the preexposure values of individuals likely to come into contact with the cholinesterase inhibitors. A case of parathion intoxication treated with a reactivator (P₂S) allowed the authors to compare the manometric method of Warburg with the Acholest paper test. Close agreement was found between the two. Acholest values obtained with an earlier printed colour standard should not be compared with those obtained with the wet standard. Only an accurate noncolorimetric method, such as the Warburg or the Titrigraph, can be used as a baseline from which to assess the value of new colorimetric methods.     

Changes in Gustatory Sense During Pregnancy

Changes in gustatory sense were investigated in 97 pregnant women and in 30 healthy, non-pregnant women who served as controls. All 97 pregnant women completed a questionnaire regarding taste changes and 32 of them underwent serial tests of gustatory function, including electrogustometry and testing with filter paper disks placed over the areas of the chorda tympani nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve. All gustatory testing was performed by the same person. In addition, serum levels of trace elements were measured in 72 of the pregnant women. Of the 97 pregnant women, 90 (92.8%) reported in the questionnaire that they had experienced some type of change in taste during pregnancy, usually a change in sour taste (59 women; 65.6%). Pregnant women had higher gustatory thresholds than non-pregnant women, with an especially marked decrease in gustatory function being noticed in the first trimester. Although serum zinc levels decreased in pregnant women between the second and third trimesters, zinc levels were in the normal range in the early stage of pregnancy. Thus, it is difficult to explain dysgeusia in the early stage of pregnancy as being associated with a deficiency of zinc. The decrease in gustatory function during the first trimester is considered to be due to the notable changes in secretion of hormones that occur during this stage.     

Sterile paper points as a bacterial DNA-contamination source in microbiome profiles of clinical samples

Objectives

High throughput sequencing of bacterial DNA from clinical samples provides untargeted, open-ended information on the entire microbial community. The downside of this approach is the vulnerability to DNA contamination from other sources than the clinical sample. Here we describe contamination from sterile paper points (PPs) used in microbial sample collection.

Methods

Peri-implant samples from 48 individuals were collected using sterile PPs. Control samples contained only PPs or DNA extraction blank controls. 16S rRNA gene libraries were sequenced using 454 pyrosequencing. 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were measured by quantitative PCR.

Results

Nearly half of the sequencing reads belonged to two OTUs classified as Enterococcus (25% of reads) or Exiguobacterium (21%), which are not typical oral microorganisms. Of 87 peri-implant samples, only 10 samples (11%) contained neither of the two OTUs. The relative abundance of both unusual OTUs correlated with each other (p < 0.001; r = 0.828, Spearman correlation). The control samples showed that 2 of 4 (50%) of the sterile unused PPs contained bacterial DNA equivalent to 1.2 × 10³ and 1.1 × 10⁴ cells respectively, which was within the range of DNA in the clinical samples (average 1.8 × 10⁷, SD 4.8 × 10⁷, min 4.4 × 10², max 2.8 × 10⁸). The microbial profile from these PPs was dominated (>83% of reads) by the two unusual OTUs.

Conclusions

Sterile PPs can contain contaminating bacterial DNA. The use of PPs as a sampling tool for microbial profiling of clinical samples by open-ended techniques such as sequencing or DGGE should be avoided.

Clinical significance

Clinicians working with PPs as sampling tools for bacterial DNA should consider using an alternative sampling tool, because sterile unused PPs can be a considerable source of foreign bacterial DNA. We recommend sterile curettes for collecting clinical samples for open-ended techniques, such as sequencing or DGGE.     

影响750名护理人员科研论文发表的因素分析

目的 了解我国护理人员的科研论文发表情况及影响因素.方法 采用分层随机抽样法选取750名作者进行调查,调查问卷包括护理人员科研论文发表情况调查表和护理人员科研能力自评量表.结果 本次调查的护理人员发表论文篇数,最少1篇,最多70篇,人均8.83篇;平均每人年发表论文0.45篇.影响护理人员科研能力的主要因素从大到小依次为:年龄、职称、科研能力、学历、科研培训,Beta值分别为0.255、0.234、0.142、0.093、0.087.结论 护理管理者应对不同年龄、职称、学历、科研能力的护理人员制定相应的目标,建立有效的激励机制,调动其科研积极性.     

构叶总黄酮甙的提取分离与定性分析

本文报告了构叶总黄酮甙的提取分离方法。用本法提得的构叶总黄酮甙含量约为0.22％。纸层析表明总黄酮式中至少含有两种黄酮化合物。盐酸镁粉、盐酸锌粉、四氢硼钾及其它试验证明,总黄酮甙中不含二氢黄酮类和花色素类,而很可能含有黄酮类、黄酮醇类或查耳酮类化合物。     

Lung function and respiratory symptoms among workers in a soft paper mill

Summary The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate whether long-term exposure to soft paper dust causes impairment of lung function. Exposed workers (n = 287) and referents (n =79) were investigated, using spirometry and questionnaires. Personal samplings of total dust showed that the actual mean concentrations did not exceed 3 mg/m³. The exposed subjects were divided into three categories according to historical and present exposure to paper dust; low exposure, moderate exposure and high exposure. The study did not show any lung function impairment due to exposure to paper dust. However, the exposed subjects had a significantly increased prevalence of symptoms from both the upper and lower airways as well as an increased prevalence of reported asthma. On the basis of our study, we conclude that lung function impairment does not occur among workers exposed to mean levels of soft paper dust below 5 mg/m³.