The introduction of treatment and the cultural adaptability of western psychotherapies for eating disorders in China

In the past 40 years, the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in China has shown an increasing trend, leading to an urgent need to develop efficient treatment modes and methods. Since the beginning of the new century, the diagnosis, treatment, and research of ED in China have been under development. This article gives an introduction and commentary on the treatment modes, treatment methods and their applications in ED in China. There are two main treatment forms for ED until now, that is, inpatient treatment and outpatient treatment. Inpatient treatment is recommended as the first choice. Since 2008, clinical psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and family-based treatment (FBT), which are effective for pathological symptoms of ED, have been introduced into China and developed clinically. Group CBT and group DBT for patients with ED and group FBT for caregivers might be the most efficient psychotherapy in China nowadays. A multi-family FBT support group could be developed as the basic treatment of ED patients. Although these new types of psychotherapy have observed effectiveness in clinical application, the Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are rare and need to be developed.     

The impact of community care services on the preference for ageing in place in urban China

This paper examines the relationship between community care services and ageing in place in urban China. Using data from the 2010 Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China, and within the framework of a revised version of Andersen's model, the paper applies multilevel models and analyses the effects of community care on the preference between ageing in place and institutional care, and reveals that ageing in place is preferred even in urban China. However, the existence of community care services had no significant effect on the preference for ageing in place. The paper concludes by arguing that China needs to develop its community care services and promote the idea of community care in both culture and policy. Realising ageing in place also requires a multidisciplinary approach. A model of shared care, between family and state, is particularly appropriate for China.     

中国东部地区青少年肥胖类型及其与血压的关系

目的探讨2016-2017年我国东部地区12个省(直辖市)12~17岁青少年肥胖类型和血压关系。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样,选取"2016-2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测"项目中我国东部地区12~17周岁的青少年共8279人作为研究对象。依据体质指数、腰高比将研究对象划分为非肥胖、一般性肥胖、中心型肥胖、复合型肥胖4种类型。依据"中国3~17岁儿童每岁、身高对应的血压标准"判定不同肥胖类型人群的正常高值血压、血压偏高的情况。利用χ²检验、方差分析与多水平线性模型、多水平Logistic回归模型分析不同肥胖类型与血压的关系。结果中国东部地区12~17岁青少年正常高值血压检出率为13.66%(1069人),血压偏高检出率为18.79%(1782人)。其中非肥胖组正常高值血压检出率12.85%(732人),血压偏高检出率13.79%(999人);一般性肥胖组正常高值血压检出率20.45%(99人),血压偏高检出率23.62%(160人);中心型肥胖组正常高值血压检出率6.95%(32人),血压偏高检出率14.64%(87人);复合型肥胖组正常高值血压检出率16.68%(206人),血压偏高检出率42.42%(536人)。血压偏高检出率男女生间(χ²=8.05,P<0.01)差异有统计学意义;多水平模型结果:中心性肥胖仅女生血压偏高风险显著高于非肥胖组(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.12~2.02);肥胖的男、女生正常高值血压(OR=2.05,95%CI 1.62~2.58;OR=1.83,95%CI 1.38~2.42)、血压偏高(OR=2.06,95%CI 1.59~2.67;OR=1.57,95%CI 1.15~2.14)的风险均显著高于非肥胖组,;复合型肥胖的男、女生正常高值血压(OR=3.80,95%CI 3.19~4.51;OR=2.79,95%CI 2.30~3.37)、血压偏高(OR=4.07,95%CI 3.39~4.88;OR=2.84,95%CI 2.32~3.46)的风险显著高于非肥胖组。结论中国东部地区12~17岁青少年群体中,不同肥胖类型与血压水平相关程度不同,复合型肥胖血压偏高风险最高。     

Influenza vaccination hesitancy and its determinants among elderly in China: A national cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe Chinese elderly face a significant threat from seasonal influenza, owing to the consistently low vaccination coverage. This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of influenza vaccination hesitancy among the Chinese elderly.MethodsIn 2019, 3849 elderly individuals from 10 provinces in China were recruited in a cross-sectional survey. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to investigate the determinants of influenza vaccination hesitancy.ResultsAmong the elderly respondents, 37.18% expressed some degree of hesitancy towards influenza vaccination: 19.28% were hesitant, and 17.90% refused influenza vaccination, including 19.28% acceptors with doubts and 17.90% refusers. Only 39.10% of the respondents considered themselves as the priority group for influenza vaccination, and 13.93% reported receiving a recommendation for vaccination from healthcare workers. Respondents with higher education levels and from urban areas had significantly higher odds of vaccine hesitancy than their counterparts. Confidence in the safety of vaccines was negatively associated with vaccine hesitancy, but confidence in vaccine efficacy had no such association. Respondents who perceived themselves as highly susceptible to influenza (AOR = 0.85; 95 %CI = 0.77–0.93) and those aware of the elderly as a priority group for influenza vaccination (AOR = 0.51; 95 %CI = 0.41–0.64) had a significantly lower odds of being refusers.ConclusionThis study found a high prevalence of hesitancy towards influenza vaccination among the Chinese elderly, especially well-educated and urban-dwelling respondents. The government should address vaccine hesitancy through culturally appropriate communication, subsidies for vaccination, and actively promoting vaccines through primary care professionals.     

缺血性脑卒中患者凝血酶原基因3′-UT G20210A变异频度的研究

目的 :了解FⅡ基因 3′ UTG2 0 2 10A变异在中国人的分布频率及在脑血栓病人中是否具有突变“优势” ,试图证明该突变点是否与动脉血栓形成相关。方法 :通过小规模的“群体 对照”研究 ,应用聚合酶链式反应限制性酶切分析方法 ,调查了 4 9例首次发作缺血性脑卒中患者及 4 6例无血栓病史健康对照者的FⅡG2 0 2 10A变异。结果 :病人及健康对照均为FⅡG2 0 2 10G纯合子 ,未发现任何FⅡG2 0 2 10A变异者。结论 :4 6例汉族正常人及 4 9例缺血性脑卒中患者中不存在FⅡ 3′ UTG2 0 2 10A变异 ;FⅡG2 0 2 10A变异不足以作为中国人种血栓形成的危险因素。     

从20世纪诺贝尔医学奖看21世纪我国高等医学教育

20世纪诺贝尔医学奖中奖项目 98项中可看出基础医学中奖项目多于临床 ,为 80∶2 0 ;美国人中奖最多 ,英、德领先 ;中奖科学家出身名校并受名师潜移默化 ;医学发展极快 ,2 0世纪下半叶中奖项目难度大、知识面广 ,跨学科、多人合作、智慧科技含量高。为此我国在 2 1世纪的医学教育必须加大投入、重建师资队伍、教学内容及方法不断更新、重视基础医学及人文社会科学、培养学生求异创新思维、更新科技研究水平 ,加大国际交流并结合我国医学优势及需要必定能获得 2 1世纪诺贝尔奖     

中国西部蜱类的分布及防制对策

蜱类是重要的医学媒介动物,传播多种人畜疾病,对畜牧业、野生动物和人类健康造成极大危害。本文分析了中国西部蜱类的分布,计有１１属９１种,占中国蜱类总数的８５．０４％;其中硬蜱科９属８５种,软蜱科２属６种。同时,对西部９省（自治区）的蜱种进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了蜱类防制的对策。     

Comparison of Chinese and Western rifapentines and improvement of bioavailability by prior taking of various meals

Bioavailability was measured by rifapentine (RPE) serum concentrations and by the urinary ratio between RPE and creatinine, in specimens obtained 4-50 h after 600 mg RPE preceded by food. The bioavailabilities of RPEs manufactured in China and by a Western manufacturer were similar after a standard English breakfast, and serum concentrations were also similar to those obtained in an earlier Italian study following a complex meal. Although absorption of RPE was unsatisfactory after lipid-rich biscuits or shortbread, absorption after egges and toast was excellent and was nearly as good after a fast-food sandwich. The urinary measure of bioavailability at 26 h appeared as efficient as peak serum estimations at 6, 8 and 26 h. Fast-food sandwiches are being taken before RPE in a current clinical trial of Chinese RPE in Hong Kong.     

120年来中国卫生检疫

回顾了中国国境卫生检疫自１８７３年以来１２０多年间各个时期的历史进程,着重阐述了新中国成立后,特别是改革开放以来,国境卫生检疫事业在中国共产党的方针政策指引下,组织建设、业务建设、思想建设各方面的迅速发展。检疫机构从１７个海港发展到海陆空全方位的１９２个国境口岸（１９９２年底止）,检疫业务从检疫查验扩大到疾病监测、媒介控制、进口食品监督检验等多项内容。为防止传染病传人和传出,改善国境口岸和交通工具的卫生面貌,做出重要的贡献。国境卫生检疫是国家卫生大门的一个坚强岗哨并已成为预防医学的一个重要学科。其成长与壮大,是我国卫生防疫事业的对外窗口,更是国际卫生保健合作重要的一环。