Neuropeptide Y regulates rat renal tubular Na,K-ATPase through several signalling pathways

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has at least three receptors (Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃) through which it influences different mechanisms in many cell types. Previous data suggest that the Y₂ receptor may be divided into prejunctional and postjunctional subgroups. We have examined the intracellular signalling pathways of the postjunctional Y₂ receptor in rat renal proximal tubules. The results indicate that NPY regulates Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase through several signalling pathways: (1) In proximal tubule (PT) cells NPY increased intracellular calcium. The response was blocked by removing extracellular calcium and was also blocked by using nifedipine. This suggests that calcium was increased by influx from the extracellular space through L -type calcium channels. (2) NPY increased Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity in PT segments and this effect was also blocked by nifedipine. CaMKII-Ala²⁸⁶[281–302] a blocker of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibited the NPY-stimulated Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity. This implies that increased intracellular calcium activates CaMKII which subsequently increases Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity. CaMKII thus appear to act similar to what has been proposed for protein phosphatase 2B. (3) Calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), did not inhibit NPY-stimulated Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity. PKC is, therefore, unlikely to be involved. (4) Y₂ receptors are negatively coupled to the cAMP pathway. NPY attenuated forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in renal tubules and exogenous cAMP counteracted the NPY-stimulated Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity. This illustrated the importance of NPY for the regulation of renal sodium handling. We also propose that the renal tubule cell is a good model for studying the function and mechanisms of postjunctional Y₂ receptors.     

Regulation of human basophil activation; the role of Na+ and Ca2+ in IL-3-induced potentiation of IgE-mediated histamine release from human basophils.

The release of mediators from human basophils is strongly enhanced by IL-3. However, the signalling pathways of IL-3 are poorly defined in these cells. Since external Ca2+ and Na+ play important regulating roles in histamine release, the possibility that these cations could be involved in the potentiation by IL-3 of the anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophils was considered, and it was observed that: (i) IL-3 dramatically decreased the external Ca2+ requirement for IgE-mediated histamine release. However, histamine release from IL-3-treated basophils became only partially independent of external Ca2+, since addition of EGTA in the external medium abolished the effect of IL-3; (ii) decreasing Na+ influx by lowering external Na+ concentration in isosmotic medium inhibited the potentiating effect of IL-3 on IgE-mediated release; (iii) amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/H+ exchanges, and its derivative, benzamil, more specific for Na+/Ca2+ exchanges, inhibited the release potentiated by IL-3. In contrast, the amiloride derivative 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride, more specific for Na+/H+ exchanges, slightly increased the IL-3-enhanced release. Thus, the decreased requirement for external Ca2+ and the dependence on external Na+, taken with the effect of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors, suggest that Na+/Ca2+ exchanges are involved in the IL-3-induced enhancement of IgE-mediated human basophil histamine release.     

7-氯苄基四氢巴马汀对大鼠心肌肥厚及左心室肌原纤维Ca~(2 )-Mg~(2 )-ATP酶活力的影响

目的观察 7-氯苄基四氢巴马汀 ( 7-chlor -BTHP)对大鼠心肌肥厚和心室肌原纤维质膜Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶活力的影响。方法用L -甲状腺素诱发大鼠心肌肥厚 ,然后观察 7-chlor -BTHP对大鼠心肌肥厚及左心室肌原纤维Ca2 -Mg2 -ATPase的影响 ,以普萘洛尔 (Pro)作为阳性对照。结果经过 7-chlor-BTHP治疗 3天后 ,心肌肥厚明显改善 ,Ca2 -Mg2 -ATPase活力明显降低。结论 7-chlor-BTHP能明显消退L -甲状腺素诱发的大鼠心肌肥厚 ,并能显著降低心室肌原纤维膜Ca2 -Mg2 -ATPase酶活力。     

银杏内酯B对体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的探讨银杏内酯B对体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法利用低浓度过氧化氢诱导原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤为模型,通过电镜观察细胞超微结构,以及培养介质中LDH活力,MDA含量,心肌细胞内Na -K -ATPase,GSH-PX活力的改变,来评价银杏内酯B对心肌细胞的保护作用,并探讨其机制.结果过氧化氢对心肌细胞有显著的损伤作用.银杏内酯B可使培养介质中的LDH和MDA水平显著下降,细胞内Na -K -ATPase,GSH-PX活力显著提高,同时细胞超微结构得到改普.结论银杏内酯B对过氧化氢致心肌细胞损伤有保护作用,机理与其抑制脂质过氧化和提高细胞内钠钾泵活力的作用有关.     

Does calcium balanced heparin affect blood gas and electrolyte analysis?

The effect of calcium-balanced heparin (471896, CIBA CORNING) on blood gas and electrolyte analysis was evaluated, by comparing with that of sodium heparin (Na heparin). One ml of whole blood was collected into a syringe, which contained calcium-balance heparin (Ca balanced heparin) or Na heparin. 122 pairs of blood samples obtained from 15 patients were analyzed for Na, K, ionized calcium (Ca(++)), total hemoglobin, pH, P(CO)(2), and P(O)(2) by an automatic blood gas and electrolyte analyzer, CIBA CORNING model 288. There was a significant difference ( P < 0.05) in pH, P(CO)(2), Na, and Ca(++) between the two different groups. Ca(++) concentration was significantly less in Na heparin group than in Ca balanced heparin group, probably due to more chelation of Ca(++) by Na heparin than Ca balanced heparin. The present study suggests that the Ca balanced heparin has minimal effect on the blood gas and electrolyte analysis, and is a suitable anticoagulant for the Ca(++) measurement.     

哇巴因与地高辛对大鼠肝脏钠泵A亚单位基因表达的影响

目的　观察哇巴因与地高辛对大鼠肝脏钠泵基因表达的影响 .方法　分别给大鼠注射哇巴因 (2 0 μg· kg- 1·d- 1 )、地高辛 (32 μg·kg- 1·d- 1 )和生理盐水 (1m L· kg- 1·d- 1 ) ,观察给药后 6wk大鼠血压的动态变化 ;并分别应用分子生物学 RT- PCR及免疫组织化学技术 ,探讨各组大鼠肝脏钠泵 α1 ,α2 及 α3 亚单位 m RNA及蛋白水平基因表达的改变 .结果　给予哇巴因 2 wk后大鼠血压开始升高 ,至 6 wk时明显高于生理盐水组 (17.7± 1.2 ) vs(15 .4± 1.1) k Pa,P<0 .0 1) ,而实验过程中地高辛组血压与对照组比较差异不明显 .无论是在 m RNA水平还是在蛋白水平 ,哇巴因对大鼠肝脏钠泵α1 亚单位表达无影响 ,而地高辛使α1 亚单位表达增强 ;两组大鼠 α2 亚单位表达均无改变 ;哇巴因使 α3 亚单位蛋白水平表达减弱 ,而 m RNA水平增强 ,地高辛组大鼠肝脏钠泵 α3 亚单位无论在 m RNA水平及蛋白水平表达均增强 .结论　哇巴因在高血压发病中可能起着重要作用 ;哇巴因与地高辛可导致不同的钠泵基因表达改变 ,为进一步揭示内源性哇巴因生理与病理作用以及洋地黄类药物药理与毒理作用的分子机制提供了理论及实验依据     

酚妥拉明对兔去甲肾上腺素性心肌损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨酚妥拉明对去甲肾上腺毒（ＮＥ）性心肌损伤时保护作用的机理。方法：采用静滴超生理量去甲肾上腺素致心肌损伤,观察兔外周血红细胞内ａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、心肌细胞膜Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｎａ－Ｋ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的变化及酚妥拉明的保护作用。结果：酚妥拉明组各次指标均与ＮＥ组有显著性差异。结论：Ｓ寻拉明可防止或减轻ＮＥ心肌损伤时Ｃａ＾２＋超载、Ｍｇ＾２＋丢失及能量耗竭。     

二甲基-氨氯吡咪和牛黄酸对大鼠心室肌细胞Na+/Ca2+交换电流的影响

利用全细胞膜片钳技术 ,采用胶原酶B急性分离的大鼠心室肌细胞 ,研究了牛黄酸和二甲基 -氨氯吡咪对心肌细胞膜Na /Ca2 交换电流的影响。结果表明 ,10 μmol,2 0 μmol和 4 0 μmol的二甲基 -氨氯吡咪可使Ni2 敏感电流浓度依赖性地增加 ;膜电位为 5 0mV时分别增加 ( 2 7± 7) % ,( 12 1± 4 3 ) % ,和 ( 173± 68) % ;膜电位为 - 10 0mV时分别增加 ( 110±5 2 ) % ,( 2 2 1± 88) %和 ( 2 81± 80 ) %。牛黄酸对Na /Ca2 交换的内向和外向电流均无影响