Midazolam exposure in the paediatric intensive care unit predicts acute post-traumatic stress symptoms in children

BackgroundClinically significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been reported in up to a quarter of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors. Ongoing PTSS negatively impacts children's psychological development and physical recovery. However, few data regarding associations between potentially modifiable PICU treatment factors, such as analgosedatives and invasive procedures, and children's PTSS have been reported.ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the medical treatment factors associated with children's PTSS after PICU discharge.MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in two Australian tertiary referral PICUs. Children aged 2-16 y admitted to the PICU between June 2008 and January 2011 for >8 h and <28 d were eligible for participation. Biometric and clinical data were obtained from medical records. Parents reported their child's PTSS using the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Logistic regression was used to assess potential associations between medical treatment and PTSS.ResultsA total of 265 children and their parents participated in the study. In the 12-month period following PICU discharge, 24% of children exhibited clinically elevated PTSS. Median risk of death (Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 [PIM2]) score was significantly higher in the PTSS group (0.31 [IQR 0.14–1.09] v 0.67 [IQR 0.20–1.18]; p = 0.014). Intubation and PICU and hospital length of stay were also significantly associated with PTSS at 1 month, as were midazolam, propofol, and morphine. After controlling for gender, reason for admission, and PIM2 score, only midazolam was significantly and independently associated with PTSS and only at 1 month (adjusted odds ration (aOR) 3.63, 95% CI 1.18, 11.12, p = 0.024). No significant relationship was observed between the use of medications and PTSS after 1 month.ConclusionsElevated PTSS were evident in one quarter (24%) of children during the 12 months after PICU discharge. One month after discharge, elevated PTSS were most likely to occur in children who had received midazolam therapy.     

基于家庭的心理治疗对强迫障碍治疗的研究进展

强迫障碍(obsessive-compulsive disorder,OCD)是常见的难治性精神疾病,经过心理治疗和药物治疗仅有40%~60%患者获得缓解,患者残留各种症状和功能障碍。心理治疗是OCD治疗的重要组成部分,家庭因素在疾病的发生、维持和预后中起重要作用,以家庭为基础的心理治疗越来越受到重视。文章就对OCD采用基于家庭的心理治疗的必要性和进展进行综述,研究显示患者家属的精神心理状态和家庭顺应性等因素与OCD治疗效果密切相关,而家庭成员高度参与,针对家庭因素干预的基于家庭的心理治疗策略可以增强治疗效果,改善患者家庭功能。文章为强迫障碍的临床优化治疗提供了实践依据。     

Maximizing Breast Cancer Therapy with Awareness of Potential Treatment-Related Blood Disorders

In this review we summarize the impact of the various modalities of breast cancer therapy coupled with intrinsic patient factors on incidence of subsequent treatment-induced myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia (t-MDS/AML). It is clear that risk is increased for patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy at younger ages. Radiation is associated with modest risk, whereas chemotherapy, particularly the combination of an alkylating agent and an anthracycline, carries higher risk and radiation and chemotherapy combined increase the risk markedly. Recently, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), but not pegylated G-CSF, has been identified as a factor associated with increased t-MDS/AML risk. Two newly identified associations may link homologous DNA repair gene deficiency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment to increased t-MDS/AML risk. When predisposing factors, such as young age, are combined with an increasing number of potentially leukemogenic treatments that may not confer large risk singly, the risk of t-MDS/AML appears to increase. Patient and treatment factors combine to form a biological cascade that can trigger a myelodysplastic event. Patients with breast cancer are often exposed to many of these risk factors in the course of their treatment, and triple-negative patients, who are often younger and/or BRCA positive, are often exposed to all of them. It is important going forward to identify effective therapies without these adverse associated effects and choose existing therapies that minimize the risk of t-MDS/AML without sacrificing therapeutic gain.

Implications for Practice

Breast cancer is far more curable than in the past but requires multimodality treatment. Great care must be taken to use the least leukemogenic treatment programs that do not sacrifice efficacy. Elimination of radiation and anthracycline/alkylating agent regimens will be helpful where possible, particularly in younger patients and possibly those with homologous repair deficiency (HRD). Use of colony-stimulating factors should be limited to those who truly require them for safe chemotherapy administration. Further study of a possible leukemogenic association with HRD and the various forms of colony-stimulating factors is badly needed.

     

Lenalidomide in the management of eosinophilic dermatosis of hematological malignancy

Eosinophilic dermatosis of hematological malignancy is a paraneoplastic skin eruption associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B‐cell malignancies. It clinically resembles an insect bite reaction and it can precede the symptoms of the hematological malignancy or be related to a more aggressive course. Different treatments have been proposed, but partial response and recurrence are frequent. Herein, we describe a case of eosinophilic dermatosis associated with mantle cell lymphoma with remission after lenalidomide therapy.     

同型半胱氨酸体内代谢及调节的研究进展

同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）是体内一碳单位代谢的一个正常中间产物，Hcy的重要代谢途径就是转甲基反应，体内Hcy浓度的调节受到多种因素的影响，高Hcy浓度会导致多种疾病的发生，近年来Hcy与临床多种疾病相关性的研究更加受到重视，因此，对于Hcy体内代谢及调节因素的研究显得非常关键，本文就此进行综述。     

胎盘植入性疾病的危险因素及妊娠结局分析

目的探讨胎盘植入性疾病的危险因素及妊娠结局。 方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2017年12月广州医科大学附属第三医院/广州重症孕产妇救治中心围产资料数据库中信息完整的单胎妊娠孕妇48 650例临床资料，将这些孕妇分为胎盘植入性疾病组和非胎盘植入性疾病组，分析胎盘植入性疾病的危险因素及其妊娠结局。 结果单因素分析显示，年龄≥35岁、高中教育水平及以下、孕次≥3次、经产妇、人工流产史、剖宫产史、体外受精－胚胎移植受孕、合并前置胎盘是胎盘植入性疾病的相关危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示，胎盘植入性疾病的独立危险因素为剖宫产史(OR＝2.254，95%CI：1.917～2.650)、体外受精－胚胎移植受孕(OR＝1.591，95%CI：1.212～2.089)、合并前置胎盘(OR＝28.282，95%CI：24.338～32.866)；与非胎盘植入性疾病产妇相比，患有胎盘植入性疾病产妇早产、剖宫产、产后出血、弥散性血管内凝血、产褥期感染、子宫切除、低出生体重儿、新生儿Apgar评分相对较低(1 min)、产妇入住重症监护病房的发生率明显升高(P<0.05)。 结论剖宫产史、辅助生殖受孕、合并前置胎盘是引起胎盘植入性疾病的独立危险因素，胎盘植入性疾病的妊娠结局不良。