Impact of Pattern A Behavior on Ischemic Heart Disease when Controlling for Conventional Risk Indicators

Abstract

The presence of Pattern A behavior was assessed by means of the Structured Interview in three groups of Swedish men, 50 with manifest ischemic heart disease (IHD), 50 with risk indicators for IHD and fifty healthy men. They were also examined for presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, impaired pulmonary function, smoking and alcohol consumption.

The relative risk of having developed clinical IHD, associated with the presence of Pattern A behavior was found to be four times greater with than without such behavior. When conventional risk indicators were controlled for, by means of a multivariate confounder score, this relative risk was reduced to 2.7.     

Occupational asbestos exposure and risk of esophageal,gastric and colorectal cancer in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study

The evidence for an association between occupational asbestos exposure and esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer is limited. We studied this association specifically addressing risk differences between relatively low and high exposure, risk associated with cancer subtypes, the influence of potential confounders and the interaction between asbestos and smoking in relation to cancer risk. Using the Netherlands Cohort Study (n = 58,279 men, aged 55–69 years at baseline), asbestos exposure was estimated by linkage to a job‐exposure matrix. After 17.3 years of follow‐up, 187 esophageal, 486 gastric and 1,724 colorectal cancer cases were available for analysis. The models adjusted for age and family history of cancer showed that mainly (prolonged) exposure to high levels of asbestos was statistically significantly associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), total and distal colon cancer and rectal cancer. For overall gastric cancer and gastric non‐cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA), also exposure to lower levels of asbestos was associated. Additional adjustment for lifestyle confounders, especially smoking status, yielded non‐significant associations with overall gastric cancer and GNCA in the multivariable‐adjusted model, except for the prolonged highly exposed subjects (tertile 3 vs. never: HR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.11–6.44 and HR 3.35, 95% CI: 1.33–8.44, respectively). No statistically significant additive or multiplicative interaction between asbestos and smoking was observed for any of the studied cancers. This prospective population‐based study showed that (prolonged) high asbestos exposure was associated with overall gastric cancer, EAC, GNCA, total and distal colon cancer and rectal cancer.     

Tracheostomy and mortality in patients with severe burns: A nationwide observational study

Background

Tracheostomy is often performed in patients with severe burns who are undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation. However, the appropriate timing of tracheostomy and its effect on mortality remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether tracheostomy can reduce mortality in patients with severe burns.

水环境中有机紫外防晒剂的生态风险评价

目的评价水环境中有机紫外防晒剂残留的生态风险。方法查阅2001—2014年文献获取有机紫外防晒剂的环境浓度及其对水生生物的毒性数据,采用评价因子法推导预测无效应浓度(PNEC)值,随后利用风险商(RQ)法评价各有机紫外防晒剂的生态风险。结果二苯酮-3(BP-3)对藻类的最大RQ10,对鱼类也存在高风险(最大RQ1);对甲氧基肉桂酸异辛酯(EHMC)对藻类、大型蚤、虾类和鱼类的最大RQ均大于1;3-(4-甲基苯亚甲基)-樟脑(4-MBC)对藻类和虾类表现出高风险;而辛基二甲基对氨基苯甲酸(OD-PABA)仅对藻类存在高风险;二苯酮-4(BP-4)的生态风险较低(RQ0.1)。结论有机紫外防晒剂BP-3、EHMC、4-MBC和OD-PABA在实测环境浓度水平对水生生态系统存在潜在风险。