学习障碍儿童心理问题及心理辅导效果评价

目的 探讨学习障碍（LD）儿童心理问题及心理辅导对改善LD儿童心理行为的效果评价。方法 分设干预组，LD对照组，学业一般组，学业优秀组。对各组儿童进行厌学情绪，心理健康和生活质量测定，并对干预组儿童进行2年心理辅导干预。结果 LD儿童和学业一般，学业优秀儿童在厌学情绪，对人焦虑，孤独倾向，自责倾向，过敏倾向和心理健康测量总分的差异有显意义（P＜0．05），均分结果显示LD组＞学业一般组＞学业优秀组。心理辅导后，干预组儿童在大学套学情绪，孤独倾向，自责倾向，过敏倾向和心理健康测量的总分均明显下降，亲子关系，同伴关系，师生关系，居住环境，活动机会性，社会心理状况，社会环境状况，生活质量总分则显提高，且心理辅导前后差异有显意义（P＜0．01）；干预组与LD对照组比较，在厌学情绪，心理健康状况，生活质量方面的上述各项指标，两组间差异有显意义（P＜0．05）。结论 LD组儿童存在一定的心理问题，心理辅导有助于改善LD儿童的心理健康状况，提高其生活质量。     

发作间痫样放电对大鼠情感行为及空间学习记忆的影响

目的　观察发作间痫样放电 (IED)对大鼠情感行为及空间学习和记忆的影响。方法　在大鼠海马快速电点燃后 13d ,反复惊厥阈下电刺激海马 ,并通过旷场活动性、拒俘反应性观察和Morris水迷宫训练 ,动态检测实验动物情感行为与空间学习和记忆能力改变。结果　电点燃后 14d ,IED可致实验动物旷场活动性明显减少 [正常对照 (17 3± 3 6 )分 ;IED动物 (4 6± 1 3)分 ,P <0 0 1],拒俘反应性显著增强 [正常对照 (1 4 9± 0 31)分 ;IED动物 (3 94± 0 81)分 ,P <0 0 1];大鼠Morris水迷宫训练潜伏期明显延长 [正常对照 (32± 7)s;IED动物 (4 7± 10 )s ,P <0 0 5 ],空间定向能力测试时在水迷宫的 4个象限中无目的漫游。结论　无明显惊厥行为的IED可引发或加重实验动物活动习性改变、警觉水平增高、惊恐行为、环境适应能力下降 ,及短暂空间学习和记忆能力受损。     

Animal models of age-related dementia: neurobehavioral dysfunctions in autoimmune mice

The development of strategies for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other age-associated dementias is an important goal of research in the neurosciences. It is suggested that advances in understanding of the etiology of those disorders would provide the most obvious avenues to development of preventative treatments. Research findings from both clinical investigations and studies of animal models are presented which suggest a neuroimmunologic component in age-associated dementia. Clinical studies suggest an association between dementia and brain-reactive autoantibodies in subsets of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Studies of mice suggest that: 1) when compared with normal genotypes, mutant mice with accelerated autoimmunity show learning and memory impairments at earlier chronological ages; 2) the learning and memory deficits of autoimmune and normal mice are qualitatively similar; 3) the behavioral deficits of normal aged and autoimmune mice are sensitive to similar pharmacologic interventions. Overall, these findings suggest that intervention strategies targeting the immune system might be useful in the treatment or prevention of aging-associated dementia. Autoimmune mice would be useful as models for the development and testing of such immune-based interventions.     

中药鉴定学的学习方法与技巧

中药鉴定学内容多、散、杂，学习起来难度较大。本文从心理学的角度出发，结合中药鉴定学课程内容实际，归纳出十一种促进记忆的方法和技巧。     

患者组成变化和个人学习曲线对经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术疗效的影响

目的：探讨BPH患者组成变化和个人学习曲线对经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术（TUVRP）疗效的影响。方法：回顾惟分析由一个医生实施的270例TUVRP的临床资料，其中A组为早期100例，B组为最后170例。分析项目包括患者年龄、前列腺体积、BPH并发症、影响排尿功能疾病、手术方式和时间、ASA体格情况分级、手术并发症、IPSS评分、最大尿流率等。结果：与A组相比．B组年龄提高4．35岁（P〈0．001），前列腺体积增加23．3g（P〈0．001），伴有的BPH并发症、影响排尿功能疾病、全身性疾病显著增加，无中转开放手术患者；手术时间减少18．54min（P〈0．001），术前和术后血红蛋白含量显著减少；膀胱冲洗、止血剂应用、围术期输血、手术并发症明显减少，无死亡和二次手术患者。两组术后IPSS评分、QOL指数、最大尿流率、平均尿流率均有明显改善。结论：近年来BPH手术患者出现高龄化趋势，大多出现严重并发症后才接受手术。随着患者数量的积累，术者的操作技能逐步提高，从而获得更好的疗效。TUVRP是一种有效的BPH治疗方法，宜普及推广。     

Children with Epilepsy: The Effect of Seizures, Syndromes, and Etiological Factors on Cognitive Functioning

Summary: Overall, children with epilepsy have poorer concentration and mental processing and are less alert than age-matched controls. The relationship between cognitive functioning and epilepsy is complex, however, with widely differing degrees of intellectual impairment–ranging from minimal to severe and progressive–related to diverse types of epileptic seizures, syndromes, and etiological factors. Prolonged and frequently repeated seizures are typically associated with more severe effects on cognitive functioning, particularly if epilepsy is symptomatic, i.e., secondary to a demonstrable brain lesion. A combination of such factors may contribute to the mental deterioration seen in many children suffering from severe epilepsy.     

护理质量管理中创新思维的探讨

作者首先对临床护理质量管理中的观念保守、质量管理标准滞后、轻病人感受、忽视临床实际、质量检查流于形式等进行了分析。随后提出了护理管理者应更新观念，不断创新；修正质量评价标准，注重为病人服务的实效；重视病人的心理需求；提高护理操作技术等。从而使护理质量管理将更加合理化、规范化、科学化。     

Education and Epilepsy: Assessment and Remediation

Summary: Learning difficulties in children with epilepsy may be caused by brain damage and should be investigated. In many cases, however, seizures and/or electroencephalographic (EEG) findings are the only signs of pathology. Frequency and type of seizures may be determining factors that should, if necessary, be evaluated by long-term EEG monitoring, preferably during school performance or in conjunction with neuropsychological assessment. This may prove that subclinical epileptiform discharges in the EEG can adversely affect the child's performance. Secondary psychological problems in epilepsy patients, combined with side effects of antiepileptic drugs, may cause or heighten learning problems. Prophylactic control of seizures with one appropriate drug may alleviate learning problems. Computerized neuropsychological testing with simultaneous EEG recording may reveal the influence of epileptiform discharges on cognitive function and also help to evaluate the effects of antiepileptic drugs. Objective assessment of subclinical epileptiform activity makes it easier to treat the pathology identified by the EEG with optimal dosage of the most appropriate drug. A balance is required because epileptiform discharges and even occasional seizures may be less disabling than side effects from large doses of several drugs. Information to the school and the parents concerning the patient's abilities and limitations may be as important as seizure control. Specialized teaching should be started early, when necessary, with the patient integrated into a normal school if possible. However, good functioning in a special school is preferable to marginal functioning in a normal school.     

高校机房社会化管理的利与弊

高校机房是学生进行计算机实践的重要场所，在计算机教学中发挥着重要的作用。如何管理好机房是一个严峻的问题。本文将高校内机房的传统管理方式和社会化管理方式作比较，分析社会化管理方式的利与弊。     

Somatic markers and explicit knowledge are both involved in decision-making

In 1994, it was proposed that decision-making requires emotion-related signals, known as somatic markers. In contrast, some authors argued that conscious knowledge of contingencies is sufficient for advantageous decision-making. We aimed to investigate the respective roles of somatic markers and explicit knowledge in decision-making. Thirty healthy volunteers performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Conscious knowledge was assessed using a sensitive questionnaire and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded. Most participants acquired a preference for advantageous choices during the task and generated larger anticipatory SCRs before disadvantageous relative to advantageous choices. Performance on the IGT and the autonomic response were positively correlated (r = 0.38, p = 0.045). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in performance according to conscious awareness (p = 0.009). There was no significant association between level of explicit knowledge and SCR (p = 0.1). Finally, we did not find any interaction between explicit knowledge and performance although a lack of statistical power is not to be excluded. Advantageous decision-making therefore seems to be associated with two distinct, namely implicit and explicit, systems.