甲状腺过氧化物酶mRNA cRNA探针的构建及意义

目的 探讨甲状腺过氧化物酶(thyroperoxidase,TPO)mRNA cRNA探针的构建及原位表达的检测方法 和意义.方法 取甲状腺结节新鲜组织,在RT-PCR扩增TPO cDNA的基础上,构建pSPT19-TPO质粒,经Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ单酶切后成线性化模板,在SP6和T7 RNA聚合酶作用下,体外转录合成地高辛标记的TPO cRNA反义和正义探针,进行TPO mRNA的原位杂交实验.结果 TPO mRNA阳性杂交信号分布于甲状腺滤泡细胞的胞质,本组腺瘤2例、结节性甲状腺肿4例、瘤周甲状腺组织1例原位杂交阳性,乳头状癌2例、桥本病1例原位杂交阴性.核酸原位杂交和RT-PCR检测甲状腺组织TPO mRNA的表达,结果 一致.结论 成功构建甲状腺过氧化物酶mRNA 的cRNA探针;检测TPO mRNA是一种较准确反映甲状腺组织TPO状态的方法 ,TPO mRNA的原位检测可结合组织形态学了解甲状腺滤泡细胞的功能表达状况.     

Modulation of Cytokeratin Expression in The Hamster Thymus: Evidence For a Plasticity of The Thymic Epithelium

Cytokeratin (CK) expression was investigated, by means of immunocytochemistry, in the hamster thymic epithelium during ontogeny, as well as in primary cultures and upon glucocorticoid hormone treatment in vivo. As compared to the distribution pattern of distinct monoclonal antibody-defined cytokeratins in the normal adult thymus, CK modulation was evidenced in the three situations studied. During thymus ontogeny, both cytokeratins of simple lining epithelia, as CK8 and CK18, as well as the CK1/CK10 pair (typical marker of terminal stage of keratinization), were expressed since early stages of thymus development. They were located in the central region of thymic lobules preceding the cortical-medullary distinctions. This differed from what had been previously shown for mouse thymus ontogeny, revealing that the interspecific diversity in the distribution pattern of thymic cytokeratins occurred early in fetal life. A modulation of CK expression was also detected when hamster thymic epithelial cells (TEC) were led to grow in culture, with a down-regulation of CK19 contrasting with an enhancement of CK18 expression. This diverged from the maintenance of the in situ pattern when human TEC were cultured. Last, in vivo hydrocortisone treatment, known to increase the numbers of KL1⁺ cells in the mouse thymus medulla, promoted a cortical expression of the CK1/CK10 pair in the hamster thymus. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a continuous plasticity of the thymic epithelium, at least regarding cytokeratin expression, and enlarge the concept of interspecific diversity of intrathymic CK distribution in conditions as morphogenesis, in vitro system, and responsiveness to glucocorticoid hormone treatment.     

用高分辨G带和人工细菌染色体荧光原位杂交技术分析中国儿童孤独症患者的染色体改变

目的 检测中国儿童孤独症患者的特征性染色体改变。方法 应用高分辨G带和人工细菌染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome，BAC)荧光原位杂交(flourescence in situ hybridization，FISH)分析68例中国儿童孤独症患者的染色体改变。结果 用G带分析观察到有染色体改变的4例患者，分别为1例t(4；6)(q23-24；p21)、1例21p 和2例9号染色体臂间倒位。BAC FISH进一步证实易位病例，而且更精确[t(4；6)(q25-26；p21-1)]；涉及7号、15号、2号染色体的BAC FISH均未观察到文献中报道的染色体改变；而9号染色体的臂间倒位和21p 因无BAC克隆而无法证实。结论 用G带和BAC FISH发现少数中国孤独症患者有染色体改变，但远没有文献中报道的10％～48％那么高。BAC FISH有助于精确地确定染色体易位断裂点。     

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies by isolation and analysis of fetal cells from maternal blood

The isolation and analysis of nucleated fetal cells (NFCs) from maternal blood may represent a new approach to noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Although promising, these techniques require highly accurate separation of NFCs from nucleated cells of maternal origin; the two major problems limiting these techniques are the relative rarity of fetal cells in maternal blood and the need to establish their fetal origin. We now report a novel procedure that has allowed accurate separation of NFCs from maternal cells. The technique reported involves direct micromanipulator isolation of histochemically identified hemoglobin F‐positive nucleated cells to obtain fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBCs) of high yield and purity. Using this technique, followed by cell‐by‐cell multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of purified FNRBCs, we were able to detect some of the most common human aneuploidies (including Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and trisomy 13) in 33 pregnant women referred for amniocentesis. The procedure used, which can be completed in <72 hrs, produced complete concordance with the results of amniocentesis. We also confirm findings of prior studies suggesting that the number of FNRBCs in maternal circulation is remarkably higher in abnormal pregnancies than in normal pregnancies, especially in women carrying a fetus with trisomy 21. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

国际情绪图片系统在116名中国老年人中的试用

目的:对美国NIMH情绪与注意研究中心编制的国际情绪图片系统在中国老年人群中进行试用,将结果与NIMH常模进行比较,探讨其异同.方法:在大连市三个社区的老年活动中心选取老年人116名(男:51人,女:65人),年龄60-80岁之间,对从国际情绪图片系统中选取的60幅图片(负性:23幅.中性:12幅,正性:25幅)进行愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度的9点量表评分,结果与NIMH常模进行比较.结果:中国老年人三个维度的评分与NIMH常模的相关系数分别为:0.92,0.54,0.88(P均＜0.001).中国老年人群的唤醒度和优势度评分高于NIMH常模[(5.33±0.93)V8.(4.83±1.25),(5.60±1.20)vs.(5.19±1.21),P＜0.001],而愉悦度评分低于NIMH常模[(4.99±2.28)vs.(5.28±1.85),P=0.020].男女老年人群对大多数图片的情绪感受相近,但女性老年人愉悦度评分高于男性老年人[(5.05±2.33)vs.(4.93±2.24),P=0.002].在愉悦度一唤醒度二维情感空间中,60幅图片呈"＜"形分布.正性图片愉悦度和唤醒度呈线性相关(r=0.71,P＜0.001),负性图片两者的相关性不显著(r=-0.35,P＞0.05).结论:国际情绪图片系统具有较好的国际通用性.但由于中国老年人与NIMH常模在文化、生活、年龄等方面存在差异,故对部分图片的情绪感受不同,提示国际情绪图片系统应用于中国老年人群之前有必要进行本土化的修订.     

Increased resistance to CD4+CD25hi regulatory T cell‐mediated suppression in patients with type 1 diabetes

Type I diabetes (T1D) is a T cell‐mediated autoimmune disease characterized by loss of tolerance to islet autoantigens, leading to the destruction of insulin‐producing beta cells. Peripheral tolerance to self is maintained in health through several regulatory mechanisms, including a population of CD4⁺CD25^hi naturally occurring regulatory T cells (T_regs), defects in which could contribute to loss of self‐tolerance in patients with T1D. We have reported previously that near to T1D onset, patients demonstrate a reduced level of suppression by CD4⁺CD25^hi T_regs of autologous CD4⁺CD25^‐ responder cells. Here we demonstrate that this defective regulation is also present in subjects with long‐standing T1D (> 3 years duration; P = 0·009). No difference was observed in forkhead box P3 or CD127 expression on CD4⁺CD25^hi T cells in patients with T1D that could account for this loss of suppression. Cross‐over co‐culture assays demonstrate a relative resistance to CD4⁺CD25^hi T_reg‐mediated suppression within the CD4⁺CD25^‐ T cells in all patients tested (P = 0·002), while there appears to be heterogeneity in the functional ability of CD4⁺CD25^hi T_regs from patients. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that defective regulation is a feature of T1D regardless of disease duration and that an impaired ability of responder T cells to be suppressed contributes to this defect.     

江苏农村中学生心理健康状况的调查

目的 了解农村中学生的心理健康状况.方法 随机分层整群抽样的方法,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对江苏省农村中学进行调查测评.结果 除人际关系敏感与常模无显著差异外,其余各项均高于常模,均值在1.51～1.87之间.结论 江苏农村中学生存在明显的心理问题.     

Metastatic potential of human CX-1 colon adenocarcinoma cells is dependent on the expression of sialosyl Le a antigen

Several lines of evidence indicate that sialosyl Le a , tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen present on human colon carcinoma cells, is involved in formation of metastases. To study the role of this carbohydrate structure in development of metastases, we have used the clone of human colon carcinoma CX-1 cells transfected with antisense expression vector containing fragment of cDNA for a1,3/4-fucosyltransferase (FT III), which is involved in synthesis of sialosyl Le a tetrasaccharide. It has been reported previously that, in contrast to the parental cells, the antisense-transfected CX-1.1AS5 cells do not express sialosyl Le a and do not adhere to E-selectin-expressing CHO cells. In the present work we have studied the formation of liver metastases by CX-1.1AS5 cells after their orthotopic or intrasplenic implantation into athymic nu/nu mice. After orthotopic implantation of sialosyl Le a -negative colon carcinoma CX-1.1AS5 cells, the number of mice with liver metas-tases was markedly lower (21% of mice) in comparison with their number after implantation of the parental CX-1.1 cells (86% of mice). However, no differences in ability to form colonies in liver were observed between parental CX-1.1 cells and antisense-transfected CX-1.1AS5 cells after intrasplenic inoculation. The liver metastases were formed in 89% and 84% of mice, respectively. Our data support the thesis on the importance of sialosyl Le a antigen expression in the development of liver metastases by colon cancer cells, and indicate the role of transplantation route and primary tumor localization in formation of metastases.© Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998     

The effects of tibial rotation on patellar position

The effects of external and internal tibial rotation on patellar motion were investigated using a magnetic 3Space^® tracker system (Polhemus, Colchester, VT 05446, USA). Seven fresh-frozen adult cadaver knees were used in this study. The muscle alignment of each quadriceps muscle was measured to determine the direction of loading forces. Three loading patterns were used to simulate the unresisted knee extension during sitting, standing from squatting and the stance phase of walking, with different weights applied to each quadriceps muscle at each knee flexion angle. The position of the patella, along with patellar shift, tilt and rotation was measured and compared to external or internal tibial rotation and neutral rotation. In the sitting and squatting simulations the patella showed at the terminal extension of the knee more lateral shift and a more lateral tilt with tibial external rotation than in a neutral position (P < 0.05). In walking simulation, the patella showed more external rotation with external rotation of the tibia than with a neutral one, at the 0, 72 and 90% of the stance phase of walking (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the importance of external tibial rotation as a factor in the development of patellar dislocations or subluxations, especially in athletes.     

Protection from experimental autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse with soluble interleukin-1 receptor

We have evaluated the effects of a treatment with soluble interleukin-1 receptor (sIL-1R) in the accelerated model of autoimmune diabetes induced by cyclophosphamide (CY) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Prior to the CY challenge (350 mg/kg body weight), female euglycemic NOD mice were randomly divided into three groups (A–C). Groups B and C were treated daily from 1 day before to 13 days after the CY challenge with sIL-1R at doses of 0.2 and 2 mg/kg body weight. Group A was treated with PBS. By 2 weeks after CY administration, an acute form of autoimmune diabetes with glycosuria, hyperglycemia and severe insulitis occurred in the majority (13/20, 65%) of the control mice (group A). In contrast, repeated injections with sIL-1R protected NOD mice from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) development in a dose-dependent fashion; the incidence of IDDM was 53.3% (8/15) in the mice treated with 0.2 mg/kg and only 6.7% (1/15) in those treated with 2 mg/kg. However, none of the doses of the sIL-1R reduced the extent of insulitis in NOD mice. Importantly, the anti-diabetogenic property of sIL-1R may not involve major T cell function impairment; accordingly, in parallel experiments, splenic lymphoid cells from NOD mice not challenged with CY, but treated with 2 mg/kg sIL-1R for 5 consecutive days showed a normal distribution of mononuclear cell subsets and maintained their capacity to secrete interferon-γ and IL-2 and to proliferate in response to polyclonal mitogenic stimulation with concanavalin A.