不同时段血培养、粪便培养及痰培养检验结果阳性率分布情况比较

目的探讨和分析不同时段血培养、粪便培养及痰培养检验结果阳性率分布情况。方法回顾性分析2011年2月~2014年1月期间本院检验科接收的6300份血培养、粪便培养及痰培养标本,根据时间先后顺序将所有标本分为A、B、C三组。从第二时段开始对全院临床医生、护理人员及检验师进行微生物标本检验相关知识培训。比较不同时段不同微生物标本检验结果的阳性率。结果A组血培养及粪便培养阳性率显著低于B组和C组,而痰培养阳性率显著高于B组和C组;B组血培养及粪便培养阳性率显著低于C组,而痰培养阳性率显著高于C组。结论分析不同时段不同标本检验结果阳性率的分布情况,提高医务工作人员对微生物标本检验相关理论知识和操作技术的掌握,能够提高病原菌的检出率并降低杂菌的感染,为临床感染性疾病的诊断和治疗提供可靠依据。     

Effects of prenatal music stimulation on fetal cardiac state,newborn anthropometric measurements and vital signs of pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundMusic has been used for medicinal purposes throughout history due to its variety of physiological, psychological and social effects.ObjectiveTo identify the effects of prenatal music stimulation on the vital signs of pregnant women at full term, on the modification of fetal cardiac status during a fetal monitoring cardiotocograph, and on anthropometric measurements of newborns taken after birth.Material and methodA randomized controlled trial was implemented. The four hundred and nine pregnant women coming for routine prenatal care were randomized in the third trimester to receive either music (n = 204) or no music (n = 205) during a fetal monitoring cardiotocograph. All of the pregnant women were evaluated by measuring fetal cardiac status (basal fetal heart rate and fetal reactivity), vital signs before and after a fetal monitoring cardiotocograph (maternal heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure), and anthropometric measurements of the newborns were taken after birth (weight, height, head circumference and chest circumference).ResultsThe strip charts showed a significantly increased basal fetal heart rate and higher fetal reactivity, with accelerations of fetal heart rate in pregnant women with music stimulation. After the fetal monitoring cardiotocograph, a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in women receiving music stimulation was observed.ConclusionMusic can be used as a tool which improves the vital signs of pregnant women during the third trimester, and can influence the fetus by increasing fetal heart rate and fetal reactivity.     

控制剖宫产率前后的手术指征变化分析

目的分析控制剖宫产率前后的手术指征所占比例的变化，总结有效的措施降低剖宫产率。方法回顾性分析2012年11月～2013年10月我院住院经剖宫产分娩的病例，2012年11月1日～2013年4月30日剖宫产分娩病例作为对照组，2013年5月1日～2013年10月31日剖宫产分娩病例作为研究组，比较两组剖宫产率、两组剖宫产指征所占的比例是否有统计学差异。结果两组剖宫产率有统计学差异（P〈0．05），社会因素、羊水过少、胎儿窘迫、瘢痕子宫、胎位异常、产程异常及其他因素剖宫产率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），巨大儿、胎盘异常、妊娠合并症剖宫产率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论加强宣教和高危产妇的监管，提高医务人员技术水平，严格控制剖宫产率，可以有效降低剖宫产率。     

Wall shear stress effects of different endodontic irrigation techniques and systems

ObjectivesThis study examined débridement efficacy as a result of wall shear stresses created by different irrigant delivery/agitation techniques in an inaccessible recess of a curved root canal model.MethodsA reusable, curved canal cavity containing a simulated canal fin was milled into mirrored titanium blocks. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) paste was used as debris and loaded into the canal fin. The titanium blocks were bolted together to provide a fluid-tight seal. Sodium hypochlorite was delivered at a previously-determined flow rate of 1 mL/min that produced either negligible or no irrigant extrusion pressure into the periapex for all the techniques examined. Nine irrigation delivery/agitation techniques were examined: NaviTip passive irrigation control, Max-i-Probe^® side-vented needle passive irrigation, manual dynamic agitation (MDA) using non-fitting and well-fitting gutta-percha points, EndoActivator™ sonic agitation with medium and large points, VPro™ EndoSafe™ irrigation system, VPro™ StreamClean™ continuous ultrasonic irrigation and EndoVac apical negative pressure irrigation. Débridement efficacies were analysed with Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and Dunn's multiple comparisons tests (α = 0.05).ResultsEndoVac was the only technique that removed more than 99% calcium hydroxide debris from the canal fin at the predefined flow rate. This group was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other groups that exhibited incomplete Ca(OH)₂ removal.ConclusionsThe ability of the EndoVac system to significantly clean more debris from a mechanically inaccessible recess of the model curved root canal may be caused by robust bubble formation during irrigant delivery, creating higher wall shear stresses by a two-phase air–liquid flow phenomenon that is well known in other industrial débridement systems.