自动麻醉记录系统

该研究将通过M icrosoft V isua l C 6.0和V isua l B as ic 6.0为主要的开发工具,SQL Server为数据库,采用客户端/服务器结构,设计出基于W indow s操作系统,网络环境下运行的应用程序,并将它们用于自动麻醉记录。该自动记录系统负责处理麻醉全过程中的相关病人信息,对医护现场的多种医疗设备:如监护仪、静脉输液泵、麻醉机等进行数据的实时自动采集、加工以及集成等,并在综合病人相关信息及生理参数的基础上自动输出麻醉记录单。该记录系统不仅提高了临床医师的工作效率,减低了麻醉医师的劳动强度,而且使麻醉记录更加准确和完整。     

Trajectory control in targeted force impulses

Summary This study was undertaken in order to determine the time course of the process by which information derived from a visual target is used to accurately set the amplitude of a simple motor response. We refer to this process as response specification. Separate auditory and visual cues were given to the subjects in order to independently control the moment of response initiation and the time available for processing amplitude information from the target. Six subjects initiated impulses of isometric force in synchrony with the last of predictable series of regular tones. Response amplitudes were to match one of three visual target steps occurring at random times between 0 and 400 ms before the response-synchronizing tone. Using these separate auditory and visual cues, we were able to systematically vary the time interval between target presentation and response onset, termed here Stimulus-Response or S-R interval. Target steps were presented in blocks of either predictable (simple condition) or unpredictable (choice condition) amplitudes. The peak forces and the peaks of their time derivatives were analyzed to determine how subjects achieved accuracy under the different conditions and at different S-R intervals. The trajectories of responses produced in the simple condition were independent of the S-R interval. In contrast, when targets were presented in unpredictable order, the distribution of the peak forces of the subjects' responses depended on the S-R interval. At short S-R intervals (<125 ms), subjects made responses whose peak forces were distributed around the center of the range of target steps. These responses formed a unimodal, but broad distribution which was independent of actual target amplitude. With increasing S-R interval (>125 ms), the distributions of peak forces gradually shifted toward the correct target amplitudes, with the means reaching the appropriate amplitudes at S-R intervals of 250–400 ms. At S-R intervals comparable to a reaction time, the range of peak forces was constricted to a similar extent as previously observed in a reaction time task (Hening et al. 1988). We found that the gradual improvement of accuracy was not achieved through changes in trajectory control: at all S-R intervals, subjects utilized a pulse-height control policy (Gordon and Ghez 1987a). Different peak forces were achieved by varying the rate of rise of force, while force rise time was held relatively invariant. We did find, however, that within the constraints imposed by rise time regulation, compensatory adjustments to the force trajectories (Gordon and Ghez 1987b) were greatest during the period of specification. We conclude that (1) subjects can initiate their responses independent of the degree of specification achieved and that the normal process of specification of amplitude begins earlier and continues longer than the latency of responses in a reaction time task; (2) before target presentation, subjects prepare a default response whose amplitude is biased by prior experience with the targets presented in the task. We hypothesize that the central mechanisms that specify response amplitude do so by a progressive adjustment of the default parameters.     

Electrodermal Lability and Visual Information Processing

Individual differences in electrodermal lability have been related to performance in vigilance and reaction time tasks. The goal of the present study was to employ an "additive factors" approach to identify the stages of information processing that might underlie these effects. Nineteen labile and 17 stabile subjects performed a choice reaction time task in which a visual imperative stimulus was presented under two conditions of intensity (presumed to affect the speed of pre-processing operations) X three conditions of degradation (which influences later encoding processes related to feature extraction). Measures of both reaction time and movement time were obtained. The major findings were: (a) labile subjects had faster reaction times than stabiles, and (b) lability interacted significantly with stimulus degradation. Labiles also tended (p less than .10) to have faster movement times. This pattern indicates that labiles and stabiles differ in the performance of later encoding operations, and possibly in the speed of motor processes as well. However, they do not appear to differ in the early pre-processing of the simple physical attributes of a stimulus.     

基于脑电复杂度的意识任务的特征提取与分类

本研究提出了利用事件相关脑电复杂度提取大脑运动意识特征，应用Mahalanobis距离判别式分析法，对人脑想象左右手运动任务进行分类，获得了满意的结果。对受试者想象左右手运动期间在大脑初级感觉运动皮层区记录的脑电信号采用复杂度分析方法量化了事件相关去同步（ERD）和事件相关同步（ERS）时程，结果表明EEG复杂度特征较好反映了ERD／ERS变化时程。最后对测试数据进行分类，最大分类正确率达到86．43％，通过最大分类正确率，最大信噪比，最大互信息等评价指标比较，验证了该方法的有效性，从而为大脑运动意识任务的特征提取及分类提供了新思路。     

Searching for answers: How well do depression websites answer the public’s questions about treatment choices?

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate websites providing information on treatment for depression to the public, and to evaluate changes in the quality of website information over time.

Benefits of the DICOM Modality Performed Procedure Step

A few years ago, the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard introduced a network transaction that is initiated by modality equipment, mainly at the beginning and at the end of the acquisition. This transaction, the Modality Performed Procedure Step (MPPS), is sent to the Picture Archiving and Communication System and/or to the Radiology Information System. It carries information about what really has been performed by the modality equipment during acquisition. In this paper, we present MPPS and discuss its benefits. We show how MPPS enables efficient radiology workflow and how it ensures accuracy and completeness of imaging information. We think our paper helps bridge the gap between MPPS implementation and deployment. By understanding all the MPPS benefits, the end user becomes aware of the great enhancement in patient care that this transaction provides.     

Effects of information and reward on stimulus-preceding negativity prior to feedback stimuli

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of informational and motivational level of feedback stimuli on the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). In the time estimation task, in which a visual stimulus was presented 3 s after a voluntary movement, (a) the information level (high information and low information) and (b) the motivation level (reward and no-reward) for feedback stimuli were manipulated. Under the high-information condition, subjects received feedback information about (1) correctness (correct or incorrect), (2) direction of error (under- or overestimate), and (3) degree of accuracy (accurate or less accurate) of their time estimation. In the low-information condition, however, they received information about the correctness only. In the reward condition, they received a monetary reward for accurate time estimations but received nothing in the no-reward condition. The results demonstrated a significant interaction of information by motivation level, showing that the SPN amplitude under the reward/high-information was larger than that in the no-reward/high-information condition. The results are discussed in terms of emotional anticipation, taking into consideration the result of self-report that subjects felt to be more motivated when they received precise information.     

Curing efficiency and ocular hazards of dental photopolymerization sources

The spectral distributions of a range of dental photocuring sources were measured at the exit window and at a distance of 10 cm. The former enabled the evaluation of a newly proposed photocuring efficiency index which correlates well with the depth of cure of the photopolymerized resins, thus providing a basis for the comparison of different photocuring sources. The spectral irradiante of the sources obeyed the inversesquare law, allowing a comparison with the ACGIH threshold limit values. According to these criteria, no ocular hazard is posed to the patient or clinician by u.v.-A or u.v.-B radiation nor to the patient by the visible light when momentarily exposed to the sources. Similarly the ACGIH criterion indicates that the clinician does not risk chorioretinal injury provided the exposure is restricted to less than 140 s in a 3 h period.     

Information security concepts and practices: the case of a provincial multi-specialty hospital

In recent years, major and widely accepted information security understandings and achievements confirm that the problem is complex. They clarify that technologies are fundamental tools, but management processes have even bigger relevance, as also prestigious international magazines dossier clearly explained recently. Such a magazine attention outlines the wide impact that the subject has on watchful decision makers. ISO17799 is an emerging standard in information security. In principle there are no reasons for considering it not applicable to the health care sector. In practice, because of both the just conceptual level of the standard and the peculiarities of the health care data and institutions, a lot of analysis and design work need to be invested any time a health care institution decides to deal with the subject. CEN/ENV 12924 is another emerging standard certainly more on the spot of the health care. Nevertheless, it also asks for evident further investigation. The practical case of information security design, implementation, management, and auditing inside a multi-specialty provincial Italian hospital will be described.     

NC在医院信息化建设中的研究与应用

本文对医院信息化建设中存在的问题进行分析研究，提出网络计算机（NETWORK COMPUTER）的解决方案。通过NC与PC在性能、适用性、性价比等方面的对比研究与测试。得出NC在医院信息管理中的高可用性。