Prise en compte de l’entourage des patients atteints de cancer: un aperçu mondial des programmes et des actions d’information et de soutien

Résumé: Une étude bibliographique sur les publications concernant la prise en compte de l’entourage des patients, montre que ce sont les pays scandinaves et anglosaxons qui ont le plus avancé dans cette réflexion et dans la mise en place de programmes évalués destinés à apporter soutien, conseils et aide aux proches de malades atteints de cancer. L’entourage concerne les proches, c’est-à-dire la famille et les amis, et dans certains cas, l’équipe soignante. Il s’agit d’une vision très large dans le cadre d’une prise en charge globale.Nous assistons en France depuis les premiers États Généraux des malades du cancer organisés par La Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer en 1998 et en 2000 à une évolution irréversible des mentalités qui ne peut que déboucher, grâce aussi au Plan Cancer, à un meilleur soutien non seulement des patients mais encore de leur entourage.J.-M. Dilhuydy, Groupe Réinsertion de la Fédération des Centres de Lutte Contre le CancerNous tenons à remercier particulièrement la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer qui, par son soutien financier, a permis la réalisation de ce travail.     

医疗器械不良事件监测工作的信息化建设

医疗器械不良事件监测工作即将全面展开,建立一个功能强大、科学准确的医疗器械不良事件监测管理信息系统将对这项工作的开展起到良好的推动作用.本文针对目前国内外医疗器械不良事件监测管理工作的现状,提出了在医疗器械不良事件监测和再评价工作中引入信息技术,并从国内外建设现状、项目建设的必要性及项目建设的主要内容和各部分的主要特点几方面进行了阐述,对医疗器械不良事件监测和再评价管理的信息系统建设提出了初步的规划和设想.     

The moderating effects of demographic and individual characteristics on nurses' acceptance of information systems: A canadian study

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to educate on the moderating effects of demographic (i.e., educational level and age) and individual characteristics (i.e., years of nursing experience and computer knowledge) on nurses’ acceptance of information systems (IS). The technology acceptance model (TAM) with its constituent variables such as perceived usefulness (PUSS) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) was the theoretical framework used for this study.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada. Usable data was collected from 197 registered nurses (RNs). Relevant hypotheses were formulated and the partial least squares (PLS) technique was used for data analysis.ResultsThe results of the hypothesized relationships showed that education and computer knowledge have positive moderating effects on the influences of PEOU and PUSS on nurses’ attitudes toward IS (ATTI). The factors of nurses’ years of nursing experience and age did not yield meaningful results. ATTI impacted behavioral intentions to use IS, which positively impacted nurses’ use of IS. The nurses sampled in the study have positive IS use behaviors.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that relevant demographic factors and individual characteristics, if incorporated into frameworks used for investigating nurses’ acceptance of IS, could permit the emergence of useful insights for practitioners and researchers. Specifically, this study showed that nurses with higher educational attainments and more basic computer knowledge readily accept implemented IS at work. Hospital administrators benefit from insights such as the one presented in this study.     

Developmental needs and early childhood education: evolutionary,my dear Watson

Examining the processes of natural selection, described by Darwin in The Origin of Species, casts light on our own species’ fundamental needs and on the far greater role that early childhood educators can play in their fulfillment. The second section of this paper analyzes how our fundamental needs emerge in a sequence underpinned by the processes of natural selection (goodness‐of‐fit, variation and replication), are thus developmental in a new sense and are fulfilled only as organisms interact with their immediate environment. The subsequent section presents a model of how, in accordance with natural selection, adults can practise collaborative behaviors that facilitate this developmental sequence throughout life. The fourth section shows how early childhood educators who practise this model in interaction with their immediate environment (which includes parents) help to fulfill the fundamental needs and increase the internal resources of all participants—themselves, parents and children. Substantiating evidence comes from the author’s studies.     

Recovery concept in a Norwegian setting to be examined by the assertive community treatment model and mixed methods

Recovery is a crucial concept in the mental health field. The research of recovery is split into the categories of personal, social and clinical recovery. The purpose of this study was to explore the fragmented concept of recovery in light of assertive community treatment (ACT) in Norway. The study has a mixed methods design with a pragmatic approach. The Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery and open‐ended questions posed to 70 participants from 12 ACT teams in Norway, gathered by the “Users interview users” method, are combined with interviews or focus groups with eight of these participants. Surprisingly those under a community treatment order (CTO) report the highest degree of personal recovery. The qualitative material shows that the service users interpreted the concept of recovery differently than researchers and professionals. The ACT service users highlighted three important elements: flexible treatment, medication and access to a car. They emphasized the necessity for basic needs to be met in order to experience a meaningful recovery process, and these basic needs may be of even greater importance to those under CTOs. Their experiences should imply a greater emphasis on securing basic needs such as secure housing, sounder finances and access to the normal benefits offered by society.     

Clinical Trial Information Mediator

For research in biomedical sciences, cross-domain searches through several different databases are an increasingly necessary task that often becomes a time consuming and labour-intense process. This is especially the case when different domain databases have to be combined, for example combined searches in clinical trials registries, publication databases and research databases. The Clinical Trial Information Mediator (CTIM) addresses this problem and offers a novel way for the combined search in ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed and BioSamples.CTIM was developed based on a requirements analysis and implemented using open source technology. A search engine with a graphical user interface was developed in order to search linked data in the three databases ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed and BioSamples; thereby enabling CTIM to bridge the gap between different knowledge domains of clinical trials, publications of research results and biosamples/genetic information. CTIM was applied in three use cases demonstrating that information retrieval could be considerably improved in sense for complex queries. These use cases show that more relevant results were obtained and more associated publications and biosamples could be retrieved in comparison to a separate single search.Main advantages of CTIM are identifying related information between clinical trials and publications employing a clinical trial centred kind of search, simplified access to its databases and thus reduced search time. In addition it can be used by researchers without prior training because of the intuitive usage.