黑龙江省2017—2020年流感样病例暴发疫情特征分析

目的 分析黑龙江省2017—2020年流感样病例暴发疫情流行特点及影响因素,为流感的防控提供科学依据。方法 收集“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”和“中国流感监测信息系统”报告的流感暴发疫情资料,对数据进行统计分析。结果 2017—2020监测年度黑龙江省共报告流感暴发疫情29起,累计报告发病数1 028例,报告时间主要集中在冬春季,12月份和4月份报告最多,占96.55%;场所分布主要以中小学校为主,占暴发疫情总数的93.10%;暴发疫情规模以10～29例居多,占暴发疫情总数的65.52%;病原学结果显示流感病毒流行株由A型（H3）转变为A型（新甲H1）,之后又为A型（H3）和B型（Victoria）共同流行。结论 黑龙江省流感暴发疫情冬春季高发,集中在中小学校,流感优势株变换频繁,应做好监测并及时控制疫情的发展。     

2015—2019年四川省流感哨点监测结果分析

目的 描述四川省2015—2019年流感病毒流行特征,为疫情防控提供依据。方法 对流感监测系统上报的流感样病例数据开展回顾性流行病学分析。结果 2015—2019年间,四川省共监测流感样病例标本131 477份,其中阳性标本23 844份,流感阳性率为18.14%。2015—2019年四川省优势流感亚型主要为甲型H1N1,季节性H3N2和B(Victoria)系流感。流感阳性率随月份、季节而改变,四川省流感阳性率高峰主要出现在冬季,其次为秋季。甲型流感主要在秋冬季流行,乙型流感主要在冬春季流行。流感病毒阳性检出率在5～14岁组年龄段最高。结论 四川省流感有明显的冬季流行高峰,各型别呈交替流行。秋冬季应加强流感防控工作;甲型和乙型流感好发于5～14岁群体,应继续加强对儿童学生流感的防控。     

强迫症患者认知功能与病期的关系

目的：探讨强迫症的认知功能障碍与病期的关系。方法：分别用韦氏记忆测验，数字划销测验和威斯康星卡片分类测验评估25例急性强迫症和36例慢性强迫症患者的记忆、注意和执行功能。结果：急性强迫症患者的记忆测验中记图和数字划销测验中第二阶段失误率显著性较慢性强迫症差，其余两组间记忆测验、划销测验和威斯康星卡片分类测验各量表分无显著性差异。结论：强迫症的认知功能与病期无明显相关。     

Sexual dysfunction in male and female patients with epilepsy: A study of 86 outpatients

Sexual dysfunction is a well-known complication of chronic somatic illness. Eighty-six consecutive epileptic outpatients, 38 men and 48 women, without accompanying disorders, were studied. The frequency and symptoms of sexual dysfunction were compared with results from previous studies using identical sexological methodology. The previous studies were of diabetic patients and healthy controls. Eight percent of the epileptic men reported a sexual dysfunction compared to 44% of the diabetics and 13% of the controls. Epileptic women, diabetic women, and controls showed no significant differences in sexual dysfunction (29%, 28%, and 25%, respectively). In both sexes, the sexual function measured by frequencies of coitus and masturbation was normal. Most patients had good control of epileptic attacks on a treatment of monotherapy. Hormonal status was generally within normal limits in both men and women; only a few minor differences were found and they showed no correlation with sexual dysfunction. Psychologically and socially the patients did not differ appreciably from normals, and they exhibited a high degree of disease acceptance. This study, using a biopsychosocial approach in understanding sexual dysfunctions, is in contrast with previous, mainly uncontrolled, studies of epileptic patients that reported high frequencies of hyposexuality in males. We conclude that epilepsy does not necessarily increase the risk of sexual dysfunction in male or female.     

Social HMOs and Other Capitated Arrangements for Children with Special Health Care Needs

Objective: Children with special health care needs are increasingly enrolling in managed care arrangements. However, existing managed care organizations, including traditional HMOs, are often poorly suited for caring for this population. In the adult health care area, new managed care entities, called Social HMOs (S/HMO) and Programs for the All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), have been created to integrate health and health-related services for chronically ill and disabled adults. We describe these models and assess their potential for serving children with special health care needs. Method: We reviewed the literature on managed care for children with special health care needs and evaluation findings from the S/HMO and PACE models for the elderly. Results: Evaluations of the S/HMO and PACE models have yielded mixed findings. Some of the more positive accomplishments include lower use and expenditures for long-term care services compared to other demonstration projects, greater integration of primary care physicians in decision making concerning long-term care, and improved management of transitions between care levels. On the negative side, start-up has been slow, prospective members have been hesitant to enroll, intermittent and sometimes frequent operating deficits have emerged, no discernible positive effects on health or social outcomes are apparent, and no significant overall savings have emerged. Conclusions: With mixed results so far, caution is required in applying these or similar models for vulnerable child populations. However, given the inadequacies of traditional managed care for this population, we believe experimentation with new models of care that integrate health and health-related services is important. Such experimentation should be fostered only to the extent that the models are carefully designed and then implemented in a manner that protects the interests of children with special health care needs.     

Relationship between severity,costs and claims of hospitalized patients using the Severity of Illness Index

The results of the prospective application of Horn's Severity of Illness Index in a teaching hospital during 1987, 1989, and 1990 constitute the basis of the present report. The average overall severity of illness scores for the three years were 1.42 in 1987, 1.65 in 1989, and 1.46 in 1990. Most of the processes evaluated in the three periods showed an overall distribution among severity levels 1 and 2, both overall and when the seven dimensions of the severity of illness index were analyzed. A statistically significant correlation between the overall severity of illness and average length of stay was found for patients in 1989 and 1990. The length of stay differed significantly in the different severity levels. When the four levels of the seven dimensions of the severity of illness index for 1987, 1989, and 1990 were compared, it was observed that figures were not uniformly distributed. There was a statistically significant association between severity of illness for hospital service and pharmacy charges per hospital stay for both 1989 and 1990, as well as a statistically significant inverse relationship between severity of illness and the number of claims per hospital service in both periods of time. Case-mix methods that account for the severity of patients constitute a useful indicator of quality for the management of different hospital services and of the hospital as a whole.     

大黄苏打片佐治危重症并胃肠功能衰竭患儿临床观察

目的:观察大黄苏打片对危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿的治疗效果。方法:38例危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿在常规治疗基础上口服大黄苏打片。入院当日及治疗72 h后检测TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、乳酸,观察患儿症状的变化,与30例对照组惠儿比较。结果:治疗后两组患儿情况明显改善。治疗组改善显著(P<0.05)。治疗组血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP及乳酸下降大于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:大黄苏打片可以保护胃粘膜,减少炎症损伤,配合常规治疗可以提高危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿抢救成功率。     

小儿危重症血中胃泌素、胃动素水平变化研究

目的　 了解不同程度危重症患儿血中胃泌素 (GAS)、胃动素 (MTL)水平变化 ,探讨其与胃肠功能障碍或衰竭的关系。 方法 　采用放射免疫法测定不同程度危重症患儿血清GAS、血浆MTL水平 ,并以正常小儿作对照。 结果 　血清GAS、血浆MTL各组均数差异有显著性 (F =9 5 5 ,P <0 0 1;F =2 0 13,P <0 0 1) ,不同危重程度组患儿血清GAS、血浆MTL水平的升降变化差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。胃肠功能障碍组和衰竭组患儿血清GAS和血浆MTL水平升降变化与正常对照组及非胃肠功能障碍组比较差异有显著性 (F =11 2 0 ,P <0 0 1;F =5 3 99,P <0 0 1)。 结论 　小儿危重症时GAS、MTL参与了危重症发生、发展的病理生理过程 ,是其发生、发展的重要病理生理基础之一 ,且与胃肠功能障碍或衰竭及多器官功能衰竭 (MOF)发生有关     

危重病人血清甲状腺激素的变化及其与APACHEⅡ评分和预后的关系

目的 探讨危重病人血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其与APACHE Ⅱ评分和危重病预后的关系。方法 应用放射免疫分析法及免疫放射分析法测定危重病人的血清甲状腺激素含量。危重病程度按APCHE Ⅱ评分系统进行评分。结果 危重病人的血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4含量明显低于正常对照组(P＜0．001)，而TSH的变化无显著性(P＞0．05)；危重病存活组与死亡组血清甲状腺激素之间的差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；不同APACHE Ⅱ评分分段下危重病人的血清甲状腺激素水平比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；而危重病人死亡组的APACHE Ⅱ评分明显高于存活组的APACHE Ⅱ评分(P＜0．001)。结论 非甲状腺疾病的危重病人常出现甲状腺功能指标异常。血清甲状腺激素的变化不能作为判断病情的严重程度及评估预后的指标。而APACHEⅡ评分系统适用于危重病人严重程度及评估预后的评估。