Characteristics of intercalary fragment in posterior malleolus fractures

BackgroundThe purpose of the study is to investigatethe prevalence of posterior malleolus intercalary fragment (ICF) in adult ankle fractures; to analyze the morphological characteristics of ICF; and its mechanism.MethodsRetrospectively, 247 cases of posterior malleolus fractures (PMF) were included in 369 cases of adult ankle fractures. The prevalence of ICF, relationship between type of ankle fracture, posterior malleolar fracture and the ICF was studied.ResultsAmong 369 cases, the ICF was found in 43% of the PMF and 29% of the hospitalized unstable ankle fractures. Position of ICF is posterolateral in 68 (64%), mid posterior in 20 (19%) and posteromedial in 18 (17%) cases. The prevalence of ICF was 70% in Bartoníček classification type III fractures, which was significantly higher than type I, II and IV.ConclusionsThe highest incidence occurs in Bartoníček III type fracture. The study helps in further understanding and treatment of the PMF.Level of evidenceLevel IV, case series.     

国人版角膜接触镜配戴者生活质量量表的研制与评估

目的：研制国人版角膜接触镜配戴者生活质量量表（CLIQ）并评估其信度和效度,分析得分的影响因素。方法：对英国原版CLIQ进行翻译、回译、文化调试,形成国人版量表。采用横断面研究,选择2015年4─12月在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院就诊的角膜接触镜配戴者205例进行问卷调查, 其中再随机选取20例由2名调查员分别进行调查,对问卷数据进行统计分析。结果：回收有效问卷201例。视功能维度因应答率小于50%被删除。量表Cronbach's α系数为0.77,眼部症状维度为0.68, 便利性、经济和情感维度均>0.7,量表Guttmann Split-Half系数为0.89,眼部症状、便利性、经济和情感维度分别为0.75、0.78、0.65和0.93。认知维度Cronbach's α系数和Guttmann Split-Half系数均为 0.49故被删除;删除条目20后健康关注维度Cronbach's α系数和Guttmann Split-Half系数分别为0.68 和0.73。2名调查员之间的评分结果高度相关（r=0.87～0.99,P<0.001）。各条目的条目水平内容效度指数为0.83～1.00,量表的平均水平内容效度指数为0.95。探索性因子分析提取的5个因子分别对应各维度,累计方差贡献率60.43%。眼部症状维度与年龄（r=-0.153,P=0.03）和戴镜年数（r=-0.167, P=0.018）轻度相关,情感维度与戴镜年数轻度相关（r=0.209,P=0.003）。量表总分在不同戴镜年数[（3.60±0.34）年 vs. （3.71±0.32）年,P=0.026、每月戴镜天数[（3.60±0.33）d vs. （3.70±0.33）d, P=0.041]和无/有眼部症状（3.71±0.32 vs. 3.60±0.34,P=0.021）的配戴者间差异有统计学意义。软镜配戴者的经济维度对分高于硬镜配戴者（t=2.588,P=0.017）。结论：删去视功能维度、认知维度和条目20后,CLIQ量表的信度和效度较好,戴镜年数越长、每月戴镜天数越多以及无眼部症状的患者得分较高,硬镜配戴者在花费方面的担忧更多。     

晚间护理干预对肝硬化消化道出血患者的影响

目的 探讨晚间护理干预对肝硬化消化道出血患者的影响.方法 选取60例消化道出血患者,随机分为两组,各30例.对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上,采用晚间护理干预,比较两组的临床疗效.结果 观察组的出血停止时间、平均住院时间短于对照组,出院再次出血率、并发症发生率低于对照组,抢救成功率、患者满意度、用药依从性高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 晚间护理干预对肝硬化消化道出血患者的临床疗效好,患者抢救成功率高,并发症发生率低,值得推广应用.     

护理干预对内科住院患者睡眠状况的影响分析

目的探讨护理干预对内科住院患者睡眠状况的影响效果。方法选取2012年1月~2013年1月本院内科病房住院患者80例,将所有患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予针对改善患者睡眠状况的护理干预,比较两组患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）及睡眠客观指标情况。结果两组患者护理前的睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠质量、睡眠困难、入睡时间、催眠药物的应用以及日间功能障碍评分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,护理后观察组上述各项指标评分均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组入睡潜伏期、睡眠时间均明显长于对照组,觉醒次数明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论加强对内科住院患者有关睡眠状况的护理干预,可明显提高睡眠质量,值得临床推广。     

胰岛素强化降糖方案治疗2型糖尿病的应用及对患者胰岛功能影响分析

目的分析胰岛素强化降糖方案治疗2型糖尿病的应用及对患者胰岛功能影响。方法入组该院2018年8月—2020年4月收治的2型糖尿病患者共110例,随机分组,对照组的患者给予胰岛素多次皮下注射治疗,观察组给予早期胰岛素强化降糖方案治疗。比较两组血糖达标时间、使用胰岛素的用量、出现低血糖次数、血糖波动幅度、治疗前后患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白、HOMA-β、HOMA-IR、治疗总有效率、不良反应。结果观察组血糖达标时间短于对照组,使用胰岛素的用量、出现低血糖次数、血糖波动幅度低于对照组相应的指标,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前两组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白、HOMA-β、HOMA-IR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而治疗后两组的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白、HOMA-IR均降低,HOMA-β均显著升高,观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白、HOMA-IR显著低于对照组,而HOMA-β显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组出现2例低血糖反应,对照组出现9例低血糖反应,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.950,P=0.026<0.05)。结论给予早期胰岛素强化降糖方案治疗对血糖波动的临床效果确切,可更好控制血糖和减少胰岛素的用药量,促进患者胰岛功能的改善,并提高治疗的安全性。     

综合护理干预对结肠癌合并糖尿病患者手术预后情况的影响

目的评估综合护理干预的实施对结肠癌合并糖尿病患者手术效果的影响。方法随机抽取该院2016年11月—2019年11月时间段的60例结肠癌并发糖尿病患者,根据患者的入院编号分组处理,分为A组(入院尾号奇数、30例)、B组(入院尾号偶数、30例)。A组采用综合护理干预,B组采用常规护理干预,对比两组的护理效果。结果A组的护理满意度评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组的切口愈合时间、住院时间较B组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理前,两组心理评分情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后A组、B组患者心理评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结肠癌合并糖尿病患者接受综合护理干预的效果较好,可以有效改善患者手术预后情况,主要表现在可提高患者护理满意度、减少切口愈合及住院的时间、改善患者不良心理情绪等方面。     

Associations Between Adherence to the Physical Activity and Exercise Program Applied in the LAST Study and Functional Recovery After Stroke

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between participants’ adherence to a physical activity and exercise program after stroke and functional recovery 18 months after inclusion.DesignSecondary analyses of the intervention arm in the multisite randomized controlled trial Life After Stroke (LAST).SettingPrimary health care services in 3 Norwegian municipalities.ParticipantsOf the participants enrolled (N=380), 186 (48.9%) were randomized to the intervention. The study sample comprised community dwelling individuals included 3 months after stroke, with mean age of 71.7 ± 11.9 years and 82 (44.1%) women. According to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 97.3% were diagnosed as having mild (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale<8) and 2.7% with moderate (8-16 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) stroke.InterventionMonthly coaching by physiotherapists encouraging participants to adhere to 30 minutes of daily physical activity and 45-60 minutes of weekly exercise.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was Motor Assessment Scale (MAS). Secondary outcome measures were 6-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the physical domains of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Adherence was assessed by combining participants’ training diaries and physiotherapists’ reports.ResultsThe relationship between adherence and functional recovery was analyzed with simple and multiple linear regression models. Adjusted for age, sex, dependency, and cognition, results showed statistically significant associations between adherence and functional outcomes after 18 months, as measured by MAS, TUG, BBS, and SIS (P≤.026).ConclusionsIncreased adherence to physical activity and exercise was associated with improved functional recovery after mild to moderate stroke. This emphasizes the importance of developing adherence-enhancing interventions. Dose-response studies are recommended for future research.     

Impact of elevated glycosylated hemoglobin on hospital outcome and 1 year survival of primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting patients

Objective

It is unknown whether adequacy of diabetic control, measured by hemoglobin A1c, is a predictor of adverse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting.

右美托咪定对神经外科全麻术后躁动发生影响分析

目的：探讨右美托咪定用于神经外科全麻术患者对术后躁动发生的影响。方法：选取2011年7月-2012年8月在本院神经外科择期行全麻手术患者110例,随机分为右美托咪定组和生理盐水组,手术结束前10 min,右美托咪定组采用右美托咪定静脉泵注,生理盐水组采用等量生理盐水静脉泵注。记录两组患者唤醒时间、呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间,对两组患者拔管后躁动发生情况、躁动程度、镇痛和镇静状况进行评估。结果：两组术后唤醒时间、呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。右美托咪定组麻醉拔管期躁动程度（0级、1级）和躁动发生率均低于生理盐水组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。右美托咪定组Ramsay镇静评分拔管后5 min、30 min均高于生理盐水组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。VAS疼痛评分拔管后5、30、60和120 min均显著低于生理盐水组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：右美托咪定可以有效减少神经外科全麻术后躁动发生率和躁动程度,改善术后疼痛镇静效果,且不延长唤醒时间、呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间。