试论优生学及其近年来研究的最新成就

提倡优生就是防止有遗传疾病和先天畸形婴儿的出生。采取相应的优生措施是做到优生的基本条件。随着人们对优生的愈来愈重视,优生学的研究也取得了越来越多的成就。     

243例健康人血红细胞悬浮液射频介电特性的研究

本文应用同轴传输线反射法建立的细胞悬浮液介电测量系统，测量了２４３例健康人（男１２０，女１２３名）血红细胞悬浮液在１～５００ＭＨｚ频率范围的介电常数和电导率。结果表明不同性别和不同血型之间的红细胞悬浮液的介电参数无显著差异。将１９～８０岁之间的受试者按１０岁年龄间隔分成六个组，探讨年龄差别对介电参数的影响；发现５０岁左右是人红细胞介电参数有显著差异的临界年龄，４９岁后三个高年龄组的介电参数显著地低于４９岁前的三个低年龄组的数值（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文的结果证明年龄对人血红细胞的介电参数有明确的影响。     

健康儿童足甲襞微循环研究

观测100例健康儿童足甲襞微循环,得出儿童足甲襞微循环十七项指标的正常数值,提出了儿童足甲襞微循环的检测方法;将该组儿童足与手甲襞微循环比较,指出足甲襞微循环的特点,为儿童足甲襞微循环的临床应用提供观测方法和客观指标.     

系列高频成分节段在正常人中的分布

将１３４例正常人按年龄分为幼儿组、学龄组、青年组和中老年组，分别观察分析了系列高频成分节段的分布特点。其分布无年龄、性别差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），系列高频成分节段对急性病毒性心肌炎的诊断特异性为８２．４１％。各年龄组的特异性分别是幼儿组９０％、学龄组８３．３％、青年组７２．４１％。中老年组８２．０５％。     

Association between variation in the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 gene on chromosome 8p and anxiety-related personality traits

Vesicular monoamine transporters are involved in the presynaptic packaging of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin into storage vesicles. The vesicles release their content upon arrival of an action potential into the synaptic cleft. Dysregulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission has been long postulated to play a relevant role in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The gene encoding the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1/SLC18A1) maps to chromosome 8p21, a region where several linkage peaks overlap between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and anxiety-related personality traits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the missence variation Thr136Ile in the VMAT1/SLC18A1 gene is associated with anxiety-related personality traits. We tested a total of 337 unrelated subjects of German descent (167 male, 170 female). All participants were carefully screened for psychiatric disorders. The self-report State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was completed by all subjects. Genotypes were obtained for the Thr136Ile (rs1390938) variation in the VMAT1 gene for all subjects. Genotype effects on personality variables were computed with MANOVA including age as a co-variant and gender as independent factor (MANCOVA). Results show that STAI scores were significantly affected by genotype (F = 3.108; d.f. = 4,331; p = 0.015) and age (F = 7.233; d.f. = 2,331; p = 0.001) but not by gender. A gender-by-genotype effect was observed for both the STAI state (p = 0.052) and trait score (p = 0.035). Dissection of the group by gender and subsequent contrast analysis of the genotype effects performed within the female group showed significant results (STAI state: Thr/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: T = 4.408, p = 0.0004; STAI trait: Thr/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: T = 3.074, p = 0.009) but not in the male group. Our findings support the hypothesis that anxiety-related personality traits are associated with variation in the VMAT1/SLC18A1 gene.     

Antigenic and immunologic characterization of an allogeneic colon carcinoma vaccine

In the present prospective, census-based study we have investigated the prevalence of organ-specific and non-organ-specific autoantibodies (AAb) in 152 unselected Cameroonians aged 60 years and older living in the community. AAb were detected in 49% of the participants. Non-organ-specific AAb (47%) predominated over organ-specific AAb (7%). Anti-TPO, anti-Tm, anti-Tg and anti-PC AAb were completely absent. RF was the most frequent AAb, being found in 57 (38%) cases. The prevalences of anti-SMA and RF were significantly higher in women than in men (respectively, P=0.023 and P=0.016). Higher serum concentrations of gammaglobulins were accompanied by a higher prevalence of RF (P < 0.0001) and a lower prevalence of ANA (P=0.036). The overall prevalence of AAb was higher in the filaria-infected (60%) compared to the non-infected (42%) participants (P=0.046). There was no significant influence of the vitamin D status, number of pregnancies, physical activity or medication use on the prevalence of AAb. In this study a heterogeneous pattern for the presence of the various AAb was found. Some AAb, which are commonly encountered in other studies on elderly subjects, were completely absent in this population. This diversified pattern of AAb prevalence therefore argues in favour of exogenous influences in the occurrence of AAb in elderly populations.     

The Impact of Diet and Fibre Fractions on Plasma Adipocytokine Levels in Prediabetic Adults

The impact of diet and fibre fractions on adipocytokines in obese subjects with a risk of diabetes has not been investigated in detail yet. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of a 12-month lifestyle intervention with different fibre profiles (resistant starch (RS)—rich fibre, or ordinary food fibre profiles) on adipocytokine levels. Fifty participants are divided into two groups (RS group and Fibre group). The groups differ only in the percentage of the recommended level of the RS consumed as a fraction of the same total fibre amount. The applied dietary intervention includes intake of 7531 KJ/daywith a total fibre portion of 25–35 g/dayfor both groups that includes 15 g/day of RS for the RS group only. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, apelin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and C-reactive protein (CRP) are measured, and their relationship to anthropometric and biochemical parameters is estimated. Along with significant body weight loss, only leptin is significantly reduced by 13% in the RS group while in the Fibre group, apelin levels are significant (−21%). Polynomial regression shows a negative correlation between RS intake and adiponectin (R2 = 0.145) and resistin level (R2 = 0.461) in the RS group. This study indicates the possibility that fibre fractions differently influence the outcome of lifestyle interventions, as well as their adipocytokine levels, in obese prediabetic adults.