人的周围神经拉伸强度测定

本文取材于7具男性成年尸体,98条周围神经,进行拉伸强度的测试,得出视神经、动眼神经、上颌神经、迷走神经、尺神经、正中神经及坐骨神经的拉伸强度数值,发现脑神经与脊神经之间,拉伸强度存在明显的差别。迷走神经与脊神经的拉伸强度几乎完全相同。尽管神经是粘弹性材料,但通过测试其拉伸强度,还是表现出一定的集中趋势,符合生物力学特征。     

一种运动想象脑电分类算法的研究

为了解决脑机接口(BCI)中不同意识任务下脑电信号分类问题,针对运动想象脑电(EEG)的事件相关去同步/同步(ERD/ERS)现象,提出一种基于支持向量机(SVM)的实用分类算法。该算法首先对脑电信号进行滤波,获得对运动想象比较敏感的频段,对滤波后的脑电信号,通过去均值减小由于均值不同所造成的误差,然后,再提取基于ERD/ERS的脑电能量场强特征,对提取的特征,运用支持向量机(SVM)进行分类,得到了满意的效果。结果表明,此方法可为脑机接口技术的应用提供有效的手段。     

Gender difference in the relationship of performance in the handgrip and standing long jump tests to lean limb volume in young adults

Summary Groups of young, adult males and females performed the handgrip and standing long jump tests. Their total forearm and leg volumes were calculated from a series of circumference and length measurements, and the lean volumes (bone + muscle) calculated by taking the skinfold thickness into consideration. In the handgrip, the mean female performance was 298 N compared with 496 N for the males. In the standing long jump, mean performance expressed as distance x body mass was 87.3 kg · m for females compared with 137.7 kg · m for males. These superior performances of males could simply reflect their greater muscle mass, as the mean lean volumes of female and male limbs respectively were 0.54 l and 0.89 l for forearms, and 11.82 l and 14.82 l for the two legs. However, when the performances of males and females were grouped by lean limb volume, it was found that while in both tests there were linear relationships, males and females did not share a common line. In both tests the male relationship was at a higher level than the female; therefore, for a given lean volume, the male performance was significantly superior to that of the female. The gender difference found in this study has not been seen in other studies in which the performance of skeletal muscle has been related to the cross-sectional area of the active muscles and the possible reasons for the differences are considered.     

Optimization of a formulation for direct compression using a simplex lattice design

In this paper it is demonstrated how the optimum composition of a mixture for direct compression consisting of -lactose monohydrate, roller-dried -lactose and microcrystalline cellulose can be found using a systematic optimization technique. The experiments were chosen according to a simplex lattice design. The results of these experiments were used to fit a mathematical model, which then can predict the properties of all possible mixture compositions and enables a graphic representation of these properties in the form of contour plots. At a level of 4% the effect of three disintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone) on the properties of the tablets compressed from these filler-binders, was evaluated by superimposing the contour plots of the different tablet responses. It was found that all the disintegrants used were effective in this combination of filler-binders. In order to evaluate drug dissolution rate an extra experiment with crospovidone as the disintegrant was performed, in which oxazepam was used as a test drug.     

Studies on tableting properties of lactose

The consolidation and compaction behaviour of sieve fractions of crystalline -lactose monohydrate were studied. From mercury porosimetry measurements tablet pore surface areas were derived. At a certain compaction load it appeared that tablets compressed from small particles were generally stronger and showed a larger surface area than compacts prepared from coarse sieve fractions. By plotting compact strength against pore surface area, a unique linear relationship was obtained. From these results it can be concluded that the actual tablet surface area, being a function of both the initial particle size and applied compaction pressure, is responsible for the compact strength.     

医疗用超硬质热塑性聚氨酯TPU的抗肿瘤药物溶剂耐受性研究

研究四种类型热塑性聚合物的6种常见医用输液接头材料对抗肿瘤药物溶剂的耐受性。将这些材料的标准测试样条固定在弯曲应变为1.5%的自制夹具上,分别浸泡在Etoposide?药物溶剂、Busulflex?药物溶剂或DMSO(以50%为例)等3种抗肿瘤药物溶剂,然后观察试样的外观,测试试样的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度等性能的变化情况,采用定量化的评分,对6种材料的抗肿瘤药物溶剂的耐受性进行了评价。结果表明,两款超硬质热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)材料对三种抗肿瘤药物溶剂的耐受性均优于其他4种评价的材料,为接触抗肿瘤药物类的医疗器械产品的较优选择,比如PICC,CVC,输液器等。     

河北省成人握力体重指数与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的 分析成人握力体重指数与代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)之间是否存在相关性。方法 2017年7—8月在河北省7个区(县)进行横断面研究,收集MS和握力的相关指标和数据,将握力体重指数分为4个水平(Q₁～Q₄),采用趋势性检验和多因素logistic回归模型,分析MS及其组分与握力体重指数之间是否存在关联。结果 本研究共纳入6 373名符合标准的成年人,其MS患病率为20.02%。患有MS的居民总体握力体重指数为40.31(32.26,51.81)kg/kg,低于未患MS的居民45.76(37.72,55.70)kg/kg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进行趋势性检验后可以得知,无论男女,其MS及其组分的患病率与握力体重指数水平的变化趋势相反(P均<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析过程中,调整年龄、民族、吸烟及饮酒的频率、现住址、受教育程度后,握力体重指数最高组比最低组患MS、超重/肥胖、高血压、血脂紊乱、高血糖的风险低(男性居民OR值分别为:0.25、0.09、0.59、0.46、0.50; 女性居民OR值分别为:0.14、0.06、0.47、0.39、0.42; P均<0.001)。结论 MS患病情况与握力体重指数有关联,二者呈现负相关的关系,且无性别差异。     

神经肌肉电刺激联合Kegel锻炼在产后盆底功能障碍性疾病中的应用

目的 探讨神经肌肉电刺激联合Kegel锻炼在产后盆底功能障碍性疾病(FPFD)中的应用效果。方法 选择2019年1月—2020年12月本院接诊的90例产后FPFD患者,按随机数字表法分为研究组(45例)与对照组(45例)。对照组行单纯Kegel锻炼,在此基础上,研究组行神经肌肉电刺激干预。比较两组康复效果、盆底Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类肌肌力μV、肌纤维收缩时间、最大阴道内压以及压力性尿失禁、性功能障碍发生率。结果 研究组康复总有效率为95.56%,高于对照组的82.22%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.050,P=0.044);两组干预3个月后盆底Ⅰ类肌肌力、Ⅱ类肌肌力、肌纤维收缩时间以及最大阴道内压明显高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组盆底Ⅰ类肌肌力为(4.212±0.351)μV、Ⅱ类肌肌力为(4.983±0.508)μV、Ⅰ类肌肌纤维收缩时间为(4.383±0.456)s、Ⅱ类肌肌纤维收缩时间(4.191±0.494)s、最大阴道内压为(83.282±4.157)cmH2O,高于对照组的(2.023±0.315)μV、(2.314±0.451)μV、(3.264±0.418)s、(3.053±0.412)s、(73.355±4.260)cmH2O,有统计学差异(t=31.421、26.626、12.342、11.970、11.201,P均<0.001);研究组干预后压力性尿失禁发生率为4.44%、性功能障碍发生率为35.56%,低于对照组的22.22%、57.78%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.154、4.464,P=0.013、0.035)。结论 神经肌肉电刺激联合Kegel锻炼能够有效增强产后FPFD患者盆底肌力,延长肌纤维。     

Effects of Different Doses of Caffeinated Coffee on Muscular Endurance,Cognitive Performance,and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Caffeine Naive Female Athletes

Caffeine is widely consumed among elite athletes for its well-known ergogenic properties, and its ability to increase exercise performance. However, studies to date have predominantly focused on the anhydrous form of caffeine in male participants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of caffeinated coffee ingestion on lower-upper body muscular endurance, cognitive performance, and heart rate variability (HRV) in female athletes. A total of 17 participants (mean ± standard deviation (SD): age = 23 ± 2 years, body mass = 64 ± 4 kg, height = 168 ± 3 cm) in a randomized cross-over design completed three testing sessions, following the ingestion of 3 mg/kg/bm of caffeine (3COF), 6 mg/kg/bm of caffeine (6COF) provided from coffee or decaffeinated coffee (PLA) in 600 mL of hot water. The testing results included: (1) repetition number for muscular endurance performance; (2): reaction time and response accuracy for cognitive performance; (3): HRV parameters, such as standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of successive differences (SDSD), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), total power (TP), the ratio of low- and high-frequency powers (LF/HF), high-frequency power (HF), normalized HF (HFnu), low-frequency power (LF), and normalized LF (LFnu). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that 3COF (p = 0.024) and 6COF (p = 0.036) improved lower body muscular endurance in the first set as well as cognitive performance (p = 0.025, p = 0.035 in the post-test, respectively) compared to PLA. However, no differences were detected between trials for upper body muscular endurance (p = 0.07). Lastly, all HRV parameters did not change between trials (p > 0.05). In conclusion, ingesting caffeinated coffee improved lower body muscular endurance and cognitive performance, while not adversely affecting cardiac autonomic function.     

A Vicious Cycle of Osteosarcopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—Aetiology,Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives

Sarcopenia is a disorder characterized by a loss of muscle mass which leads to the reduction of muscle strength and a decrease in the quality and quantity of muscle. It was previously thought that sarcopenia was specific to ageing. However, sarcopenia may affect patients suffering from chronic diseases throughout their entire lives. A decreased mass of muscle and bone is common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since sarcopenia and osteoporosis are closely linked, they should be diagnosed as mutual consequences of IBD. Additionally, multidirectional treatment of sarcopenia and osteoporosis including nutrition, physical activity, and pharmacotherapy should include both disorders, referred to as osteosarcopenia.