甲型肝炎病毒TZ84株单克隆抗体在甲肝病毒抗原检测中的应用

目的 研究甲型肝炎病毒TZ84株单克隆抗体在甲肝病毒抗原检测中的应用，以期代替现有试剂中的多克隆抗体，得到灵敏度高、特异性好、重复性和准确性好的甲肝抗原检测试剂。方法 采用双抗体夹心法将甲肝多抗包被96孔酶标板后，加入甲肝抗原，分别用酶标单抗和酶标多抗两种方法进行检测甲肝抗原．对单抗试剂的真实性和可靠性进行评价。结果 单抗试剂的灵敏度为100％、特异度为100％，变异系数均小于15％。结论 单抗试剂可用于甲肝抗原的定性和定量检测，结果准确可靠。     

99th Dahlem Conference on Infection,Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Microbes,apoptosis and TIM‐1 in the development of asthma

Asthma is a complex disorder which has increased dramatically in prevalence over the past three decades. Current therapies, based on the T helper type 2 (Th2) paradigm, have not been able to control this disease. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between infection with the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and protection against the development of asthma, and genetic studies have shown that the HAV receptor, TIM‐1 (T cell, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain), is an important atopy susceptibility gene. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that TIM‐1 is a receptor for phosphatidylserine, an important marker of apoptotic cells. These studies together suggest that HAV and TIM‐1 may potently regulate asthma through novel non‐Th2‐mediated mechanisms. Further study of the immunobiology of TIM‐1 and its involvement in the clearance of apoptotic cells is likely to provide important insight into the mechanisms that lead to, and those that protect against, asthma, and how infection affects immunity and the development of asthma.     

应用免疫捕获—逆转录—聚合酶链反应检测海域贝类中的甲肝病毒

为了检测贝类标本中的甲型肝炎病毒，我们建立了敏感特异的免疫捕获—逆转录—聚合酶链反应技术（ＩＣ－ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）。应用该技术检测不同地区采集的贝类标本中的ＨＡＶ－ＲＮＡ后发现:４６份贝类标本有２９份为阳性，检出率达６３.０４％（２９／４６），其中毛蚶为６３.１６％（１２／１９），文蛤为９０.００％（９／１０），蚶子为５４.５５％（６／１１），说明各种贝类有不同程度的污染；南部、中部地区贝类标本中的ＨＡＶ－ＲＮＡ检出率较高，北部地区１０份标本仅检出１份阳性，这与当地甲肝发病率较低一致。     

Safety and pharmacokinetics of Alpha-1 MP (Prolastin®-C) in Japanese patients with alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency

Background

Alpha₁-Proteinase Inhibitor, Modified Process (Alpha-1 MP) is used for augmentation therapy in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), an extremely rare disease in Japan. Weekly doses of 60?mg/kg Alpha-1 MP have been shown to be safe and well tolerated in non-Japanese subjects, but the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) have not been evaluated in Japanese subjects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety and PK of 60?mg/kg Alpha-1 MP administered by weekly IV infusions over 8 weeks in Japanese subjects with AATD.

Long-term immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in haemophilic patients

Summary. As a consequence of recent outbreaks of HAV infection by blood products, 91 patients, haemophiliacs and subjects with bleeding disorders (10 of whom were also anti-HIV positive) susceptible to HAV infection received a formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (HAVRIX 720 Elisa Units, SmithKline Beecham). Subcutaneous injections were given in the deltoid region at 0, 1 and 6 months. The seroconversion rates and litres, expressed in GMT IU/1, were determined at 1, 2, 6, 7, 12, 18 and 24 months. No adverse reactions to the vaccine were observed. The highest percentage of responders observed was 98.7% in anti-HIV negative and 71.4% in anti-HIV positive patients. The anti-HAV GMT titres were higher in anti-HIV negative than in anti-HIV positive patients. The inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is safe, clinically well tolerated, and provides long-term protection against HAV infection.     

公共卫生从业人员甲戊型肝炎IgM抗体检测结果分析

目的了解2010～2011年环江县公共卫生从业人员甲、戊型肝炎阳性率及性别差异。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验对从业人员血样中的甲、戊型肝炎IgM抗体进行检测。结果 2010～2011年共检测4 441例,甲型肝炎IgM抗体阳性5例,阳性率为0.11%;戊型肝炎IgM抗体阳性14例,阳性率为0.32%,戊型肝炎IgM抗体阳性率和甲型肝炎IgM抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.27,P<0.05)。结论环江县公共卫生从业人员2011年甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎阳性率比2010年有所下降,但差异无统计学意义,建议继续加强和提高全民防治甲、戊型肝炎的卫生知识水平和意识,尤其加强对戊型肝炎的监测与防治。     

High and persistent excretion of hepatitis A virus in immunocompetent patients

The duration and level of virus excretion in blood and faeces of patients with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were studied in relation to levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), disease severity and HAV genotype. Clinical data, blood and faeces were collected from 27 patients with acute hepatitis A (median age: 33 years) for a maximum of 26 weeks. Single blood donations from 55 other patients with acute HAV (median age: 32 years) were also used. Virus loads were quantified by competitive nested RT-PCR. HAV was excreted in faeces for a median period of 81 days after disease onset, with 50% of patients still excreting high levels at Day 36 (2 x 10(6) - 2 x 10(8) copies/ml faeces suspension). Viraemia was detected, but not quantifiable, for a median period of 42 days. In the first 10 days of illness, higher ALT levels were correlated with higher viraemia levels. Comparison of patients infected with genotype 1a with those infected with type 1b did not differ significantly in terms of the duration of HAV excretion or jaundice. In conclusion, faecal excretion of HAV is at a high titre in the first month, perhaps making patients infectious for a longer period than assumed currently. Blood banks should be aware that viraemia may be present for more than 1 month, and genotype did not affect the duration of virus excretion or jaundice.     

Hepatitis A,B and C seroprevalence in Pakistan

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B, and C virus in healthy Pakistani children. HAV IgG antibody was assayed in 258 subjects and it was found that 94% children by 5 years of age had HAV IgG-antibody. The overall seroprevalence of HAV IgG antibody was 55.8% and IgM 5.3%. HBVsAb levels assayed in 236 healthy children showed a seroprevalence of 2.97%. Similarly, HCV antibody seroprevalence was found to be a low 0.44% in healthy children. HAV is a major cause of Hepatitis, as compared to HBV and HCV which are of low endemicity.     

西安地区饮食、公共场所从业人员HAV-IgM检测结果分析

目的了解西安地区饮食、公共场所从业人群甲肝急性感染状况,为制定西安市规范体检体系提供依据.方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测1999～2003年西安地区饮食行业、公共场所的从业人员体检者血清中甲肝抗体(HAV-IgM),结果判定参照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 17010-1997.结果 1999～2003年西安市共体检了213 052人,累计发现HAV-IgM阳性114人,抗体阳性率为53.5/10万,不同年度间抗体阳性率波动在14.57/10万～88.72/10万间,经χ2检验年度间抗体阳性率差异非常显著(χ2=21.305 2,P＜0.01).平均阳性率(53.5/10万)与西安市甲肝总发病率和年龄发病率比较相对危险性(OR)分别为1.95和4.90倍.结论表明我市从业人员中有较高的甲肝抗体阳性检出率.提示此类人群作为传染源的可能性极大,应加强此类人群管理,杜绝甲肝食源性传播.