临床护理路径对食管癌手术患者围术期并发症的影响

目的分析研究临床护理路径方法对食管癌手术患者围手术期的影响。方法选择2011年7月至2014年2月我院收治食管癌患者76例为临床研究对象,随机分为两组。对照组使用常规护理方法,实验组使用临床护理路径方法,观察比较两组患者术后并发症及护理效果。结果实验组食管癌患者的并发症低于对照组患者,患者平均住院时间低于对照组,各项指标对比差异明显,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。实验组患者在护理后对临床护理的评分为(94.87±4.32)分,与对照组患者比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论对食管癌手术的患者给予临床护理路径方法的护理效果较好,可以减少围手术期的并发症,并缩短患者住院时间,提高护理工作满意程度。     

临床护理路径对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期应激反应的影响

目的观察临床护理路径对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期应激反应的影响。方法选择2011年6月～2013年6月于我科行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术的120例患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组：给予常规护理;观察组采用临床护理路径,比较两组患者围手术期应激反应。结果对照组T1时HR、MAP、血糖和血浆NE、E、皮质醇较T0时均增高,T2时有所降低;观察组各指标变化趋势同对照组,但波动幅度明显减小,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）。结论临床护理路径能够减轻腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期的应激反应,有利于患者安全平稳地度过手术期。     

Comparison of the Torsional Resistance of 4 Different Glide Path Instruments

IntroductionThe present study aimed to compare the torsional strength of the initial files of the Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) and novel Rotate systems (VDW, Munich, Germany) with the ProGlider (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and R-Pilot (VDW) glide path instruments.MethodsThe Mtwo (10/.04), ProGlider (16/.02), R-Pilot (12.5/.04), and Rotate (15/.04) glide path files were compared regarding their torsional strength, which was tested using a specially designed test device (N = 20). The data obtained were statistically analyzed at 5% significance level using 1-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test. The fragment surfaces and separated instruments were examined with ×50, ×100, and ×1000 magnification under a scanning electron microscope.ResultsThe R-Pilot group showed the highest torsional strength value among all groups (P < .05), whereas there was no significant difference between the torsional strength values of the Mtwo and ProGlider groups (P > .05). The Rotate group had the lowest torsional strength among all groups (P < .05). The Mtwo group showed the lowest angle of rotation among all groups (P < .05).ConclusionsAlthough the R-Pilot glide path file exhibited the highest torsional strength in all groups, Rotate showed the highest angle of rotation. Differences in torsional resistance of the instruments may be associated with their manufacturing methods and design features.     

临床护理路径在脑梗死患者护理中的应用

目的:探讨临床护理路径在住院脑梗死患者护理中的应用效果.方法:将86例脑梗死患者按随机数字表法分为路径组和对照组各43例,路径组采取临床护理路径指导下的护理服务模式,对照组采用传统的整体护理模式.结果:路径组患者对疾病相关知识的掌握程度、出院后自护能力和护理服务满意度均高于对照组(P＜0.05);路径组住院时间和医疗费用均少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:临床护理路径指导下的护理服务模式能促进脑梗死患者疾病的康复,缩短了住院时间,节省了住院费用.     

Understanding vaccine hesitancy in polio eradication in northern Nigeria

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy constitutes a major threat to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), and to further expansion of routine immunisation. Understanding hesitancy, leading in some cases to refusal, is vital to the success of GPEI. Re-emergence of circulating wild poliovirus in northern Nigeria in mid-2016, after 24 months polio-free, gives urgency to this. But it is equally important to protect and sustain the global gains available through routine immunisation in a time of rising scepticism and potential rejection of specific vaccines or immunisation more generally.Methods and findingsThis study is based on a purposive sampling survey of 1653 households in high- and low-performing rural, semiurban and urban areas of three high-risk states of northern Nigeria in 2013–14 (Sokoto, Kano and Bauchi). The survey sought to understand factors at household and community level associated with propensity to refuse polio vaccine.Wealth, female education and knowledge of vaccines were associated with lower propensity to refuse oral polio vaccine (OPV) among rural households. But higher risk of refusal among wealthier, more literate urban household rendered these findings ambiguous. Ethnic and religious identity did not appear to be associated with risk of OPV refusal.Risk of vaccine refusal was highly clustered among households within a small sub-group of sampled settlements. Contrary to expectations, households in these settlements reported higher levels of expectation of government as service provider, but at the same time lesser confidence in the efficacy of their relations with government.ConclusionsResults suggest that strategies to address the micro-political dimension of vaccination – expanding community-level engagement, strengthening the role of local government in public health, and enhancing public participation of women – should be effective in reducing non-compliance, as an important set of strategies complementary to conventional didactic/educational approaches and working through religious and traditional ‘influencers’.     

临床护理路径对乳腺癌术后患者生活质量与自护能力影响的分析

目的分析应用临床护理路径对乳腺癌术后患者生活质量与自护能力的影响。方法选择180例乳腺癌术后患者，依据随机原则分为对照组90例，予以常规护理模式；研究组90例，依据临床护理路径予以护理措施。应用多种生活质量量表，包括：SF-36量表、QLQ-B2R3量表评估两组患者的生活质量；应用自我护理能力测量量表（ESCA），评估两组患者的自护能力；应用家庭关怀度指数测评量表（APGAR），调查评估两组患者的家庭支持状况。结果与对照组相比，研究组的SF-36量表与QLQ-B2R3量表评分总分及各维度得分、ESCA量表评分总分及各维度得分、APGAR量表调查总分及各维度得分与对照组相比差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论应用临床护理路径，能显著改善乳腺癌术后患者生活质量与自护能力。     

目标教学路径在实习护生带教中的应用研究

目的：探讨目标教学路径在实习护生带教中的应用效果及意义。方法护生入科后随机分为对照组和观察组，对照组采用传统带教模式，即根据教学大纲要求带教老师自行安排教学内容；观察组采用目标教学路径模式进行带教。实习结束后，比较两组护生的理论知识、操作技能、临床能力、职业素质及对带教工作的满意度。结果对照组和观察组理论知识得分为（92．85 ± 2．03）分、（95．65 ± 2．19）分，操作技能得分为（88．95 ± 2．84）分、（93．56 ± 2．19）分，临床能力得分为（7．39±0．34）分、（7．95±0．54）分，职业素质得分为（87．12±4．05）分、（89．59 ± 3．81）分，满意度得分为（95．02±4．10）分、（97．91 ± 3．03）分，两组各项评价指标经统计学检验，观察组均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论目标教学路径能够统一教学内容，明确教学目标；规范教学行为，保证教学质量；加强职业素养，提高带教满意度。因此，目标教学路径带教模式优于传统带教模式。     

健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响

目的探讨健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响。方法便利抽样法选择2009年1月至2011年1月住院分娩的238例HBsAg阳性产妇为观察组,采用健康教育路径方式宣教;选择2006年12月至2008年12月住院分娩的263例HBsAg阳性产妇为对照组,采用传统健康教育方式进行宣教。比较两组产妇母乳喂养依从性及产妇母乳喂养知识知晓情况。结果观察组产妇对于母乳喂养的相关知识知晓情况较好,得分80分以上的占70.59%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组中,哺乳≥6个月的产妇占69.75%,哺乳<6个月者占19.75%,未采用母乳喂养者仅占10.50%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 HBsAg阳性产妇进行母乳喂养并不增加婴儿乙型病毒性肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)的感染率,健康教育路径能有效提高产妇母乳喂养的依从性及喂养知识知晓情况。     

The promises and perils of hospital autonomy: Reform by decree in Viet Nam

This article investigates impacts of hospital autonomization in Viet Nam employing a “decision-space” framework that examines how hospitals have used their increased discretion and to what effect. Analysis suggests autonomization is associated with increased revenue, increasing staff pay, and greater investment in infrastructure and equipment. But autonomization is also associated with more costly and intensive treatment methods of uncertain contribution to the Vietnamese government's stated goal of quality healthcare for all. Impacts of autonomization in district hospitals are less striking. Despite certain limitations, the analysis generates key insights into early stages of hospital autonomization in Viet Nam.