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31.
The aim of this note is to complete the discussion on the possibility of creation of quantum‐like (QL) representation for the question order effect which was presented by Wang and Busemeyer (2013). We analyze the role of a fundamental feature of mental operators (given, e.g., by questions), namely, their complementarity. 相似文献
32.
Mario García-Alanís Lizette Quiroz-Casian Héctor Castañeda-González Perla Arguelles-Castro Liz Toapanta-Yanchapaxi Erwin Chiquete-Anaya Andrea Sarmiento-Aguilar Katya Bozada-Gutiérrez Jesús K. Yamamoto-Furusho 《Gastroenterologia y hepatologia》2021,44(3):206-213
IntroductionDifferent studies have described psychiatric comorbidities in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but most of them focus mainly on depression and anxiety. Even though major mental disorders are considered one of the main factors that decrease quality of life (QoL), its role in IBD patients remains unclear. We sought to identify the prevalence of different mental disorders as well as its relationship with QoL.Patients and methodsSubjects were recruited from the IBD Clinic. IBD Questionnaire 32 and structured clinical interview (SCID) for DMS-IV Text Revision were applied. Demographic and clinical data were collected via self-report questionnaires and medical records. The correlation between mental disorders and QoL (IBDQ-32 score) was evaluated using the Spearman correlation test.ResultsIn all, 104 patients were recruited, 12 with Crohn's disease, and 92 with ulcerative colitis. The prevalence of any major mental disorder was 56.7%: anxiety (44.2%), mood (27.9%), substance use (12.2%), and other psychiatric diagnoses (17.3%), and 29.8% of the patients presented three or more comorbid diagnoses. Mental Disorder (p = 0.005), mood disorder (p = 0.004), anxiety disorder (p = 0.009), were found to be significantly associated with lower QoL. Substance use disorder was associated with lower Digestive QoL (p = 0.01). Major depressive disorder (p = 0.004), social phobia (p = 0.03), PTSD (p = 0.02), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (p < 0.001), were found to be significantly associated with lower QoL.ConclusionsIBD patients had important psychiatric comorbidity that significantly affects their QoL. These results warrant a systematic evaluation of psychiatric conditions in IBD patients. 相似文献
33.
目的:探讨并研究合理情绪疗法对广泛性焦虑障碍药物治疗效果影响。方法:选取我院自2013年6月-2014年4月我院心理咨询门诊的广泛性焦虑障碍患者120例,随机分为两组,每组60例,治疗期8周。对照组采用药物进行治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上同时进行合理情绪疗法治疗。结果:试验组采用药物治疗联合合理情绪疗法明显优于对照组,在对于患者治疗前后的SAS、HAMA评分中进行比较,发现试验组治疗后较治疗前SAS、HAMA分明显降低(t=6.6496,8.9374;P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:合理情绪疗法在对广泛性焦虑障碍患者的治疗中,能够有效提高患者的生活质量,减少患者的不良情绪。 相似文献
34.
Lindsey M. Philpot Priya Ramar Muhamad Y. Elrashidi Tiffany A. Sinclair Jon O. Ebbert 《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2018,93(10):1431-1439
Objective
To evaluate the impact of opioid controlled substance agreements (CSAs) enrollment on health care utilization.Patients and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated health care utilization changes among 772 patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain enrolled in a CSA between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015. We ascertained patient characteristics and utilization 12 months before and after CSA enrollment. Decreased utilization was defined as a decrease of 1 or more hospitalizations or emergency department visits and 3 or more outpatient primary and specialty care visits. Multivariate modeling assessed demographic characteristics associated with utilization changes.Results
The 772 patients enrolled in an opioid CSA during the study period had a mean ± SD age of 63.5±14.9 years and were predominantly female, white, and married. The CSA enrollment was associated with decreased outpatient primary care visits (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% CI, 0.14-0.19) and increased diagnostic radiology services (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.47). After CSA enrollment, patients with greater comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index score >3) were more likely to have reduced hospitalizations (adjusted OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-6.0; P=.008), reduced outpatient primary care visits (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2; P=.005), and reduced specialty care visits (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.3; P=.006).Conclusion
For patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain, CSA enrollment is associated with reductions in primary care visits and increased radiologic service utilization. Patients with greater comorbidity were more likely to have reductions in hospitalizations, outpatient primary care visits, and outpatient specialty clinic visits after CSA enrollment. The observational nature of the study does not allow the conclusion that CSA implementation is the primary reason for these observed changes. 相似文献35.
Alexander C. Razavi Nathan Wong Matthew Budoff Lydia A. Bazzano Tanika N. Kelly Jiang He Camilo Fernandez Joao Lima Joseph F. Polak Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin Chris deFilippi Moyses Szklo Alain G. Bertoni Roger S. Blumenthal Michael J. Blaha Seamus P. Whelton 《JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging》2021,14(1):219-229
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify predictors of healthy arterial aging (long-term coronary artery calcification [CAC] of 0) among individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes (T2D), which may improve primary prevention strategies.BackgroundIndividuals with MetS or T2D have a heterogeneously increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and not all have a high-intermediate risk.MethodsWe included 574 participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) with MetS or T2D who had CAC=0 at baseline and a repeat CAC scan 10 years later. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association of traditional and novel atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors and the MetS severity score (based on the 5 MetS criteria) with healthy arterial aging.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 58.9 years, 67% were women, 422 participants had MetS, and 152 had T2D. The proportion with long-term CAC=0 was similar for MetS (42%) and T2D (44%). A younger age was the only individual low/normal traditional risk factor associated with an increased likelihood of long-term CAC=0 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22 to 1.85 per 10-years younger). The strongest associations of nontraditional risk factors were observed for an absence of thoracic calcification (OR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.24 to 4.72), absence of carotid plaque (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.61), and among persons with a high sensitivity troponin <3 ng/ml (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.38). In addition, persons with the lowest quartile MetS severity score had a substantially higher odds of healthy long-term CAC=0 (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.27 to 5.76).ConclusionSMore than 40% of adults with MetS or T2D and baseline CAC=0 had long-term absence of CAC, which was most strongly associated with an absence of extracoronary atherosclerosis and a low MetS score. An optimal overall cardiovascular profile appears to be more important than an ideal value of any individual risk factor to maintain healthy arterial aging. 相似文献
36.
David V. Sheehan Henrik Svedsäter Julie C. Locklear Hans Eriksson 《Journal of affective disorders》2013
Background
This analysis evaluated effects of quetiapine XR maintenance treatment on functioning and sleep in patients with GAD.Methods
Analysis of patient-reported data from a randomized-withdrawal, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of quetiapine XR monotherapy in GAD. Following open-label run-in (4–8 weeks) and a 12–18-week stabilization phase (quetiapine XR 50, 150, or 300 mg/day), eligible patients were randomized to continue on quetiapine XR or receive placebo for up to 52 weeks. Primary variable was time to an anxiety event. Secondary variables included the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results
In total, 432 patients were randomized (quetiapine XR, N=216; placebo, N=216). The risk of an anxiety event was significantly reduced for quetiapine XR vs. placebo (HR 0.19; 95% CI 0.12, 0.31; p<0.001). Quetiapine XR was more effective than placebo at maintaining SDS total scores (LSM change: −0.19 vs. 1.01; p=0.017) and non-work-related SDS domain score ‘family life/home responsibilities’ (−0.13 vs. 0.32; p=0.011), but not ‘social life’ (0.05 vs. 0.34; p=0.114). Quetiapine XR was more effective than placebo at maintaining the work-related SDS domain score ‘days lost’ (−0.05 vs. 0.11; p=0.027), but not ‘work/school’ (−0.10 vs. 0.29; p=0.051) or ‘days underproductive’ (0.06 vs. 0.13; p=0.619). PSQI global scores were reduced from randomization with quetiapine XR vs. placebo (0.39 vs. 1.60; p<0.001).Limitations
Lack of active-comparator arm, exclusion of patients with comorbid depression.Conclusions
In patients with GAD, long-term treatment with quetiapine XR (50–300 mg/day) monotherapy was effective at maintaining improvements in functioning and sleep quality. 相似文献37.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most commonly occurring anxiety disorder and has been related to cardiovascular morbidity such as cardiac ischemia, sudden cardiac death, and myocardial infarction. Both GAD and its cardinal symptom – worry – have been shown to promote muted physiological reactivity in response to laboratory and ecological stressors. Importantly, no study to date has examined the concurrent and relative contributions of trait and state worry within healthy controls, (non-clinical) high trait-worry controls, and GAD participants. The present study examined heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) responses to laboratory stress during and following the experimental induction of worry versus relaxation in healthy controls (n = 42), high trait worriers (n = 33) and participants with GAD (n = 76). All groups exhibited increased HR and decreased RSA in response to the stressor, with no differences by condition. Baseline sAA significantly moderated HR and RSA reactivity, such that higher sAA predicted greater increases in HR and decreases in RSA. There was a significant group by baseline sAA interaction such that in GAD, higher baseline sAA predicted decreased change in sAA during stress, whereas higher baseline sAA predicted greater sAA change in healthy controls. High-worry controls fell non-significantly between these groups. The present study provides additional evidence for the effect of worry on diminished HR stress response and points to possible suppression of adrenergic sympathetic stress responses in GAD. 相似文献
38.
C. W. Barratt H. Vyas B. R. Hayes-Gill J. A. Crowe 《Journal of medical engineering & technology》2013,37(1):17-24
Primary objective : This communication describes the initial stage of a research project concerning the monitoring of SpO2 in infants prone to periods of spontaneous oxygen desaturation whilst freely moving around their home environment. The primary aim was to determine an appropriate probe type and site together with an assessment of the suitability of two commercially available oximeter units. Research design : The study comprised 19 comparative tests, totalling 162 hours of recordings at resolution one sample every four seconds. Comparisons are drawn between probes, probe sites and pulse oximeters. Main outcomes/ results : The bias and precision is presented with respect to the probe and measurement site. Also, correlation between the trial and reference recordings is considered. Conclusions : It is concluded that ambulatory recording of SpO2 in infants utilizing equipment suitable for home monitoring can produce diagnostic data equivalent to that of the Ohmeda 3700 biox, but that an indication of movement artefact may be required for confirmation of accuracy. It became apparent that 'wrap around' probes, used on the index finger or big toe are the most suitable. 相似文献
39.
Kye S. Kim Peter M. Kang He Sook N. Kim 《International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, The》2021,23(3):303-317
The extent of viral spread and strategies in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic have been different in each
country. There are overall increased mental health concerns in many countries but it is unclear what the general
public individuals who do not have heighten vulnerability to stressors for existing mental diseases or significant
physical illnesses were experiencing during the pandemic. We evaluated the stressors and mental health of general
public in South Korea that has a relatively low confirmed cases and deaths. Responses on the on-line survey questions were used to assess the mental and physical symptoms in association with individuals’ reported stressors.
Individuals with the symptoms of the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were reported in 58.9%, and major
depression (MD) in 23.2%, mostly in minimal to mild degrees, cut-off scores of 5 and 10, respectively by the validated screening tools, GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Both GAD and MD symptoms were in 21.5% of the respondents. The
total number of stress had significant association with the scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9, physical symptoms, sleep
difficulties and resilience (p < 0.01). GAD scores were also associated with sleep difficulties (p < 0.01) and raising
young children (p < 0.05). MD scores were associated with sleep difficulties, job-dissatisfaction, and educational
level (p < 0.05). The limitations of the study include small sample size, usage of smartphone or email, potential
under-reporting by stigma in the socio-cultural context and evolving nature of pandemic. We conclude that keeping careful watch for mental symptoms, stressors, sleep difficulties and other physical symptoms are important
even for the individuals without previous mental illnesses during the pandemic era. 相似文献
40.
《Primary Care Diabetes》2020,14(2):147-153
ObjectiveThe previous study served impaired fasting glucose (IFG), a pre-diabetic state which was much greater than that of diabetic patients, have reached no consensus on its cut-off value. In this study, we aimed to explore the cut-off value of IFG via the associations of blood lipids with fasting plasma glucose (FPG).DesignA cross-sectional study in Jilin province, China, 2012.Sample13,093 participants aged 18–79 years in Jilin province were involved in the study. The Lamba-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method and generalized additive model (GAM) were used to explore the associations of different levels of FPG and blood lipids.ResultsThe distributions of FPG, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly different by gender (p < 0.01). In general, both LMS and GAM results showed that the TG and HDL-c curves had a steeper tendency when the FPG was greater than 6.0 mmol/L.ConclusionFPG was positively associated with TG while negatively associated with HDL-c, and the associations were stronger in females. The cut-off value of IFG was suggested to be 6.0 mmol/L. 相似文献