社区老年期痴呆患者的随访研究

痴呆是一类高死亡率疾病 ,和心脏病、癌症及中风一起已成为威胁老年健康和生命的主要因素。本研究随访调查原有社区老年期痴呆患者 12 9例十年后的生存状况 ,现将资料报告如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象1991年长沙市社区流调发现的 12 9例老年期痴呆患者[1] ,其中AD 116例 ,VD 13例。1.2　方法自编调查表 ,包括人口学资料 ,躯体疾病情况等。采用简易智力状态检查 (MMSE)、日常生活能力量表 (ADL)及功能活动调查表 (POD) [2 ] 对存活者进行功能评定。对于死者进一步了解死亡原因。2　结　　果2 .1　AD组和VD组生存时间频度分布病程≤ …     

护理干预对首发精神分裂症病人生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对首发精神分裂症病人生活质量的影响。方法将80例首发精神分裂症病人随机分为研究组和对照组各40例，两组均予以利培酮系统治疗，研究组在此基础上，予以综合性护理干预措施，时间为8同，随后进行为期半年的随访，采用阴性症状与阳性症状量表（PANSS）及生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）分别于治疗前及随访结束时进行评估。结果随访结束时，两组病人的PANSS总分及阴性、阳性症状评分均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．01）．但研究组明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）；并且研究组GQOLI评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论护理干预有助于改善首发精神分裂症病人的精神症状，提高其生活质量。     

解剖钢板结合连续被动运动功能锻炼治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的 评价解剖钢板结合连续被动运动(CPM)功能锻炼在治疗胫骨平台骨折中的应用价值.方法 2003年5月至2005年10月本院34例胫骨平台骨折行解剖复位、解剖钢板内固定并在术后进行CPM功能锻炼.结果 术后对患者行X线检查示骨折实现解剖复位或接近解剖复位.23例患者经5～30个月随访骨折均愈合,无植骨坏死发生.CPM功能锻炼后运动功能恢复优良率为82.6%(19/23).结论 采用关节面的解剖复位、解剖钢板及牢固固定后配合术后CPM功能锻炼对于胫骨平台骨折有很好的疗效.     

Influence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on weight loss after bariatric surgery: a 24-month follow-up

BackgroundBariatric surgery is currently the most effective long-term treatment for severe obesity. However, interindividual variation in surgery outcome has been observed, and research suggests a moderating effect of several factors including baseline co-morbidities (e.g., type 2 diabetes [T2D] and genetic factors). No data are currently available on the interaction between T2D and variants in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its effect on weight loss after surgery.ObjectivesTo examine the role of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) and the influence of T2D and their interaction on weight loss after bariatric surgery in a cohort of patients with severe obesity.SettingUniversity hospital in Spain.MethodsThe present study evaluated a cohort of 158 patients with obesity submitted to bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) followed up for 24 months (loss to follow-up: 0%). During the postoperative period, percentage of excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and total weight loss (%TWL) were evaluated.ResultsLongitudinal analyses showed a suggestive effect of BDNF genotype on the %EWL (P = .056) and indicated that individuals carrying the methionine (Met) allele may experience a better outcome after bariatric surgery than those with the valine/valine (Val/Val) genotype. We found a negative effect of a T2D diagnosis at baseline on %EBMIL (P = .004). Additionally, we found an interaction between BDNF genotype and T2D on %EWL and %EBMIL (P = .027 and P = .0004, respectively), whereby individuals with the Met allele without T2D displayed a greater %EWL and greater %EBMIL at 12 months and 24 months than their counterparts with T2D or patients with the Val/Val genotype with or without T2D.ConclusionOur data showed an association between the Met variant and greater weight loss after bariatric surgery in patients without T2D. The presence of T2D seems to counteract this positive effect.     

膝关节置换随访护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的构建膝关节置换患者随访护理质量评价指标体系,以期为临床评价膝关节置换患者随访护理质量提供参考依据。方法通过文献分析法及半结构式访谈,以“结构-过程-结果”三维质量结构理论为指导,拟定指标体系初稿,采用德尔菲法对19名专家进行2轮专家函询,初步构建膝关节置换术患者随访护理质量评价指标体系。结果两轮函询问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数分别为0.804和0.831,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.234和0.303,均P<0.01。最终形成包括3项一级指标,13项二级指标,50项三级指标的膝关节置换患者随访护理质量评价指标体系。结论构建的膝关节置换患者随访护理质量评价指标体系具有较好的科学性与可靠性,为临床评价膝关节置换患者随访护理质量提供了参考依据。     

Development of weakness in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and only sensory symptoms at presentation: A long-term follow-up study

This long-term follow-up study examined patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and only sensory symptoms at first presentation, with emphasis on the development of motor symptoms and long-term disability. From all CIDP patients referred to our Department between 1987 and 1995, seven had only sensory symptoms at first clinical presentation. These were investigated according to a standard protocol, including a quantified clinical neurological examination and nerve conduction studies. The mean duration of the disease before weakness developed was 3.1 years, but varied considerably (0.8–6.3 years). At follow-up, weakness developed in five patients and persisted in three of them. Five patients were not seriously incapacitated by their disease (Rankin 1 or 2), four of them being in remission now and one showing a very slow progression of disease. Two patients were moderately disabled (Rankin 3); one had severe persistent sensory ataxia and only weakness during relapses and one had stepwise progression and moderate weakness. Motor nerve conduction studies revealed that the most notable worsening in the entire group of patients was a decrease in distal compound muscle action potential amplitudes, indicating the development of distal conduction block or axonal degeneration. These findings show that CIDP with only sensory symptoms is a transient clinical stage that precedes the appearance of weakness in about 70% of patients. The long-term prognosis does not differ from that of patients with CIDP who have weakness at the beginning of the disease. Received: 3 December 1998 Received in revised form: 17 May 1999 Accepted: 2 July 1999     

Inflammation markers in nasal lavage, and nasal symptoms in relation to relocation to a newly painted building: a longitudinal study

Introduction: There is a need to evaluate possible health effects of ventilation improvements and emissions from new buildings, in longitudinal studies. New methods to study biological effects on the eyes and upper airways are now available. Material and methods: A longitudinal study was performed on 83 trained social workers in two offices in Uppsala, Sweden. The exposed group (n= 57) moved to a newly redecorated building nearby. Low emitting building material had been used, including a new type of solvent-free water-based paint. The control group (n= 26) worked in the same office during the study period (November 1995 to February 1996). Hygiene management was carried out in both offices, at the beginning and the end of the investigation. Tear film stability (BUT) was measured. Nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin were analyzed in nasal lavage fluid (NAL). Results: The relocation resulted in an increase in the personal outdoor airflow rate from 11 to 22 l/s. Indoor concentrations of terpenes were higher in the new building, and powdering of the new linoleum floor was observed. Measurements showed low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen dioxide, respirable dust, and microorganisms in the air of all buildings. The move resulted in an increased nasal patency and an increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL, after adjusting for changes in the control group. No changes were observed for nasal or ocular symptoms. A seasonal effect, with a decrease of ECP, was observed in the control group. Conclusion: A well-ventilated office building can be redecorated without any major ocular or nasal effects, or measurable increase of indoor air pollution if low-emitting building materials are selected. In agreement with previous evidence, the improved ventilation flow may explain the increase of nasal patency. The increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL suggested an inflammatory effect in the new building. Since this building had increased ventilation flow, increased concentrations of terpenes, and powdering from the polish on the new linoleum floor, identification of causative agents was difficult. The hygiene measures did not give any evidence that emissions from the new type of solvent-free water-based paints or building dampness were responsible for the observed nasal effects. Considering the higher emissions of VOC reported from older types of water-based latex paints and solvent-based wall paints, the new type of solvent-free water-based paint seems to be a good choice from the hygiene point of view. Received: 21 December 1998 / Accepted: 20 June 1999     

经静脉植入埋藏式心脏复律除颤器的临床应用分析

目的　通过对 2 1例植入埋藏式心脏复律除颤器 (ICD)的临床应用分析 ,探讨ICD在恶性室性心律失常中的治疗作用、参数设定、并发症及随访结果。方法　 2 1例均植入成功 ,其中单腔ICD 18例 ,双腔ICD 3例。心室起搏阈值 0 3～ 0 9(0 6 8± 0 2 1)V ,R波振幅 5 5～ 2 0 (10 0± 3 8)mV ,除颤阻抗 14～ 73(5 0 2±9 3)Ω ,除颤阈值 5～ 15 (12 5± 4 7)V。随访 3～ 5 7(2 5 3± 11 7)月 ,17例接受了成功的ICD治疗 ,2例发生误放电治疗 ,经重新调整参数后未再发生误放电 ,1例出现囊袋血肿 ,经处理好转 ,2例因电池耗竭更换了ICD装置 ,2例死亡 ,其中 1例为自杀 ,另 1例拒绝治疗和随访 ,室颤反复发作死亡。结果　ICD能有效转复恶性心律失常 ,双腔ICD能提高对室性和室上性快速性心律失常的鉴别 ,降低不适当ICD治疗 ;加强随访及时调整参数更能准确识别和治疗快速室性心律失常     

乳腺癌术后早期发现复发转移方法的回顾性分析

目的：分析乳腺癌患者术后早期发现复发转移的方法。方法：回顾性分析126例早期乳腺癌术后发生复发转移患者的临床资料．包括最早发生复发转移的部位及其发现方法(症状、自查、医生查体和血液学、影像学检查)。结果：80例(63．5％)在常规随诊时发现复发转移，其中影像学或血液学检查发现65例(51．6％)，查体发现15例(11．9％)；28例(22．2％)经自查发现病变；仅18例(14．3％)因症状而就诊。结论：乳腺癌术后常规随诊是早期发现复发转移的主要方法．其中影像和血液学检查是必要的。