FoxO1转录因子及其与心血管疾病的研究进展

FoxO1转录因子是FoxO家族中起主要作用的成员，由FKHR基因编码，参与调节代谢、氧化应激反应、免疫稳态、细胞周期、细胞凋亡等过程，与心血管疾病的病理生理过程密切相关。翻译后修饰如磷酸化、乙酰化、泛素化等可以调节FoxO1的活性。本文将简要对FoxO1的基本结构和功能、活性的调节及其在心血管疾病中的研究进展进行综述。     

高分辨率CT在非结核分枝杆菌肺病诊治中的价值

搜集广州市胸科医院2015年3月至2017年9月经菌种鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病、并行胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)检查的99例患者,回顾性分析肺内病灶部位、数量、形态、大小、密度、边界、分布及淋巴结的CT征象;评估99例NTM肺病患者治疗前后HRCT的表现。HRCT检查表现为斑点片状渗出、实变93例,支气管扩张78例,空洞60例,纤维条索状影59例,结节状影58例,树芽征55例,磨玻璃样影46例,淋巴结肿大45例,胸膜增厚18例,胸腔积液9例,病变通常以多种形态混杂存在。91例NTM肺病患者经克拉霉素、利福平、乙胺丁醇及阿米卡星治疗6~18个月后CT复查,显示病灶均减少;8例患者经HRCT精准定位后行患侧肺叶切除术,术后肺部病灶明显减少,但均出现术侧胸膜肥厚粘连。胸部HRCT对NTM肺病的诊断及治疗具有重要的应用价值。     

Drug/polymer nanoparticles prepared using unique spray nozzles and recent progress of inhaled formulation

Inhaled formulations are promising for pulmonary and systemic non-pulmonary diseases. Functional engineered particles including drugs and drug-loaded nanocarriers have been anticipated because they can improve drug delivery efficacy against target sites in the lungs or blood. In this review, unique spray nozzles (e.g., four-fluid spray nozzle and two-solution mixing type nozzle) for the preparation of nanocomposite particles which mean microparticles containing drug nanoparticles are described. These nozzles can produce nanocomposite particles in one-step and their spray drying system is suitable for scaling-up. Nanocomposite particles are useful in improving drug absorption and delivery efficacy against alveolar macrophages. In addition, recent studies on several pulmonary diseases (tuberculosis, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, vaccine and others) and related inhaled formulations were also reviewed.     

乙酰肝素酶与相关疾病的研究进展

乙酰肝素酶（HPA）是人体内唯一能降解硫酸肝素蛋白多糖（HSPG）的一种β-D-葡萄糖醛酸内切酶。HSPG是细胞外基质（ECM）的重要组成部分,广泛分布于细胞表面,在正常组织的发育与病理学改变的发展中具有重要作用。HPA能识别 HSPG的硫酸肝素链（HS）并将其降解,进而影响 ECM与上皮细胞及内皮细胞基底膜结构,释放与 HSPG结合的各种细胞因子。除通过降解 HS产生间接生理作用外, HPA还以聚集、脱落、分裂素绑定的方式影响多配体聚糖的生物效应。另外,HPA 可以增强信号级联效应,促进蛋白激酶的磷酸化和基因转录。因此,HPA的激活会引起一些病理生理学改变,包括炎性反应、血管形成、肿瘤转移、胚胎植入等。笔者拟就 HPA与相关疾病的研究进展,进行综述如下。     

mHealth: Using Mobile Technology to Support Healthcare

Adherence to long-term therapy in outpatient setting is required to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Diabetes, Tuberculosis and Malaria. This paper presents a mobile technology-based medical alert system for outpatient adherence in Nigeria. The system makes use of the SMS and voice features of mobile phones. The system has the potential of improving adherence to medication in outpatient setting by reminding patients of dosing schedules and attendance to scheduled appointments through SMS and voice calls. It will also inform patients of benefits and risks associated with adherence. Interventions aimed at improving adherence would provide significant positive return on investment through primary prevention (of risk factors) and secondary prevention of adverse health outcomes.     

人血丙种球蛋白治疗重症手足口病48例

目的:探讨人血丙种球蛋白对重症手足口病(神经系统受累期)早期治疗的临床体会,为重症手足口病的临床治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性总结分析我院在2012年8月至2013年9月期间收治的96例重症手足口病患者的临床病例资料,随机分为治疗组和对照组各48例,两组均用利巴韦林、甲基泼尼松龙和甘露醇治疗,治疗组加人血丙种球蛋白进行治疗,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果及死亡率。结果:治疗组和对照组临床疗效及死亡率差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:早期应用人血丙种球蛋白治疗重症手足口病疗效好,住院天数缩短,死亡率明显下降。