Effects and risks of radiofrequency ablation on the pulmonary tissue and vascular system: A preliminary histological study

Purpose Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the minimally invasive therapeutic modalities for malignant tumors. However, the effects and risks associated with RFA on pulmonary tumors have not yet been well investigated. We pathologically examined the effects of RFA on the healthy pulmonary parenchyma in the inflated and deflated states of swine lungs. Methods We used two 2-year-old female pigs. Under general anesthesia, RFA was performed twice. Results The mean duration of cauterization for the inflated lungs (93.0 ± 65.4 s) was significantly shorter than that for the deflated lungs (390.3 ± 75.6 seconds) (P = 0.0062). Histologically, the dilatation and congestion of the microvessels were more marked in the lungs. However, no histopathological differences were noticed between the inflated and deflated lungs. Adventitial degeneration was seen in the small vessels, but not in the wall of the large vessels. Conclusions This study confirmed, pathologically, that RFA is effective with an acceptable degree of minimal damage to the normal lung tissue, irrespective of its conditions, i.e., inflated or deflated, and can be safely done near the pulmonary vessels. Therefore, RFA appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy to control local lesions in the field of thoracic surgery. The authors have nothing to declare regarding any conflicts of interest.     

Nicotine, its metabolism and an overview of its biological effects.

Nicotine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in many plants. The principal sources of nicotine exposure is through the use of tobacco, nicotine containing gum and nicotine replacement therapies. Nicotine is an amine composed of pyridine and pyrrolidine rings. It has been shown that nicotine crosses biological membranes and the blood brain barrier easily. The absorbed nicotine is extensively metabolized in the liver to form a wide variety of metabolites including nicotine N'-oxide and cotinine N'-oxide. These are the products of mixed function oxidase system. Nicotine is also converted to some biologically important compounds during harvesting. Among these are the nitrosamines specific to tobacco. Nicotine has been shown to affect a wide variety of biological functions ranging from gene expression, regulation of hormone secretion and enzyme activities. The objective of this study was to overview the biological effects and metabolism of nicotine.     

利用AE等多软件结合增强DPS Velocity非编系统功能

本文阐述了DPS Velocity全实时非线性编辑系统与Adobe After Effects应用软件的整合过程.指出利用AE兼容性好的特点,使其与其他软件有机结合,能达到编辑功能大幅度提高的目的.     

大鼠急性坏死性胰腺炎外周血中的TNFa,IL-6浓度的动态测定及意义

目的：探讨急性胰腺时外周血清TNFa，IL—6的动态变化及其意义。方法：用chetty法制作大鼠的ANP模型，术后动态测定对照组、ANP组及大黄素治疗组血淀粉酶，并取胰组织作病理检查，同时动态检测外周血清中TNFa，IL—6的情况。结果：血清淀粉酶在0h三组间无差别；24h治疗组、ANP组与对照组间有显著差异(P＜0．01)；36h治疗组与ANP组之间无显著差异(P＞0．05)；二组与对照之间有显著差异(P＜0．01)；24h治疗组、ANP组与对照组间有显著异(P＜0.01)；TNFa，IL-6在0h三组间无差别；24h时治疗组与ANP无统计学差别与对照组比较有明显的升高(P＜0．05)；30h及36h治疗组与ANP组之间有显著差异(P＜0．01)。结论：细胞因子参与急性胰腺炎的发病过程，又与其病情严重程度呈正相关，表明细胞因子在ANP的发生和发展过程中起着一定作用。     

Postnatal Growth Deficits in Prenatal Ethanol-Exposed Mice: Characteristics and Critical Periods

We previously reported that offspring of C57BL/6 mice maintained on liquid diets containing 20% or 25% ethanol-derived calories throughout pregnancy had birth weights comparable with controls but had weight reductions that became manifest around 23 to 28 days postnatally. Since this pattern of weight reduction may represent an unrecognized condition for human ethanol exposure, we completed a number of experiments to more thoroughly characterize the altered growth of prenatal ethanol exposed C57BL/6 mice. The results of this study indicate that consumption of liquid diets containing either 17% or 25% ethanol-derived calories during pregnancy can reduce growth of male and female offspring. Although attenuated postnatal growth of prenatal ethanol-exposed rodents is not commonly reported, prospective studies in humans suggest that in addition to having lower birth weights, children prenatally exposed to ethanol are postnatally growth retarded. Mice exposed to the low ethanol doses used in the present study had normal birth weights; however, their growth was attenuated between 19 and 28 days of age (preadolescent growth spurt) resulting in a weight reduction for at least 35 days, and which according to our previous report could extend into adulthood. The latter stages of gestation appear to be more sensitive to the postnatal growth retarding effect of prenatal ethanol exposure than early gestation. Caloric deficiency and postnatal maternal factors were eliminated as possible mechanisms for the growth deficit.     

A large-scale longitudinal study of the utilization and effects of early childhood education and care in The Netherlands

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are expected to make an important contribution to the prevention of educational disadvantages stemming from social-ethnic factors. In the present study, three services are central: daycare centers, preschools, and special parent-child programs. Whether or not relations exist between the utilization of ECEC services and a number of the characteristics of the parent and the child is examined initially. Thereafter, the effects of such participation in ECEC services on the cognitive and non-cognitive competencies of the children involved are examined. The recent data from the Dutch cohort study Elementary Education involving a total of approximately 33,500 students from 600 elementary schools are analyzed. The results show significant relations between the utilization of ECEC services and such parent characteristics as education, ethnic origin and paid employment. With regard to the effects of participation in ECEC services, only very weak associations with the cognitive and non-cognitive competencies of the children are detected but they disappear when the relevant background characteristics of the parents are taken into consideration.     

量化考核在门诊输液应用中的效果

目的：探讨量化考核在门诊静脉输液应用中的效果。方法制定护理基本技能和护理综合素质考核的项目和标准以及相关的具体细则。结果提高了护士的专业理论知识和专业技能、树立了良好的职业形象、满足了患者的心理需求、减少了护理缺陷及护理纠纷（自2008年12月实施量化考核至2013年底,本所门诊输液量为182366人次,静脉穿刺成功率在98.5%,患者表扬信增加了14倍,受各项奖励共51人次,受各项处罚共11人次）。结论量化考核是一种有依有据、公平公正、高效高能的护理管理模式。     

脊柱结核有限性病灶清除术的临床研究

目的：研究采用有限结核病灶清除术治疗脊柱稳定性未完全破坏、无神经损害脊柱结核的效果。方法：2007年1月-2012年2月手术治疗脊柱稳定性尚未完全破坏、无神经损害脊柱结核患者86例,根据住院顺序随机分成两组：彻底病灶清除固定组44例,给予病灶彻底清除术＋内固定术,有限清除组42例,给予结核病灶有限清除术。随访3个月-3年,比较两组患者术后效果、费用等情况。结果：全部患者手术切口都为一期愈合。两组术后效果比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与彻底病灶清除固定组比较,有限清除组手术时间显著缩短“）〈0．05）,出血量显著减少（P〈0．05）,脊柱畸形矫正度数小0）〈0．01）,治疗费用少（P〈0．01）。结论：有限脊柱结核病灶清除术治疗无明显失稳及神经损害脊柱结核经济而有效。     

A large‐scale longitudinal study of the utilization and effects of early childhood education and care in The Netherlands

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are expected to make an important contribution to the prevention of educational disadvantages stemming from social–ethnic factors. In the present study, three services are central: daycare centers, preschools, and special parent–child programs. Whether or not relations exist between the utilization of ECEC services and a number of the characteristics of the parent and the child is examined initially. Thereafter, the effects of such participation in ECEC services on the cognitive and non‐cognitive competencies of the children involved are examined. The recent data from the Dutch cohort study Elementary Education involving a total of approximately 33,500 students from 600 elementary schools are analyzed. The results show significant relations between the utilization of ECEC services and such parent characteristics as education, ethnic origin and paid employment. With regard to the effects of participation in ECEC services, only very weak associations with the cognitive and non‐cognitive competencies of the children are detected but they disappear when the relevant background characteristics of the parents are taken into consideration.     

贵阳市外来务工人员艾滋病行为干预效果评价

目的了解贵阳市不同类型外来务工人员对艾滋病相关知识的熟悉情况、态度和行为现状并分析其影响因素,提高其自我保护意识,探索在外来务工人员中有效开展艾滋病行为干预的方法并评价其效果。方法调查问卷由贵州省艾滋病防治办公室提供,采用整群抽样的方法选取贵阳市的商贸城、家政服务公司、饭店及建筑工地的外来务工人员作为研究对象,对314名外来务工人员进行匿名自填式基线期和末期问卷调查,在基线期调查结束后进行行为干预。统计分析采用卡方检验和多元线性回归,以P﹤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果干预后8道问题的答对率均高于干预前;商贸城外来务工人员艾滋病相关知识的知晓率由干预前的67.3%上升到干预后的99%;家政、饭店、工地外来务工人员艾滋病相关知识知晓率由干预前20.9%上升到干预后95.7%,差异均有统计学意义。无论干预前后,家政、饭店、工地外来务工人员艾滋病相关知识知晓率均低于商贸城,其中干预前的差异有统计学意义。性别、年龄、婚姻状况对外来务工人员艾滋病相关知识得分影响不大(婚姻﹥年龄﹥性别),而文化程度是其影响因素。结论受调查者所获知识较为片面,加大对外来务工人员行为干预的力度是当务之急。通过艾滋病防治知识综合干预,对于提高外来务工人员防艾知识是行之有效的。同时,提高劳动者的文化水平,普及义务教育,提高人口素质显得十分重要。