Activity of vasopressinergic neurones of the human supraoptic nucleus is age- and sex-dependent

In the human hypothalamus, arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is produced for a major part by the neurones of the supraoptic nucleus (SON). Since plasma AVP levels in men were reported to be higher than those of women and we did not find a sex difference in the neurone number, a higher vasopressinergic neurone activity was supposed to be present in the SON of men. Therefore we studied the size of the Golgi-apparatus (GA), which has been demonstrated previously to be a sensitive parameter for protein synthetic ability of neurones, in 15 men and 17 women ranging in age from 29 to 94 years. A polyclonal antibody against immunoaffinity purified MG-160, a sialoglycoprotein of the medial cisternae of the GA was applied on paraffin-embedded sections containing the dorsolateral SON (dl-SON) from which 90-95% of neurones are vasopressinergic. SON areas that contain oxytocin (OT) cells were excluded on the basis of adjacent sections stained with a monoclonal antibody against OT. By means of an image analysis system the size of the GA and the cellular profile area were determined in dl-SON neurones with a nucleolus. Our results showed indeed an age-dependent sex difference in the size of the GA that appeared to be twice as large in young men (< or = 50 years old) than in young women of the same age. The size of the GA increased with age in women but not in men. In addition, the mean cell profile area, another measure for neuronal activity, was significantly larger in young men than in young women and was in old women larger than in young women. In conclusion, these data show the presence of a sex-dependent age-difference in the activity of vasopressinergic neurones in dl-SON which may relate to differences in AVP and sex hormone levels and kidney AVP receptors.     

Phenylalanine kinetics are associated with tardive dyskinesia in men but not in women

Rationale: An association between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and severely impaired metabolism of the large neutral amino acid (LNAA), phenylalanine (Phe) was defined in a group of mentally retarded patients. Subsequently, an altered kinetics of Phe was associated with TD in men with schizophrenia based on plasma analyses subsequent to the ingestion of a protein meal. Methods: In the present study, a standardized oral challenge of pure Phe (100 mg/kg in 170 ml orange juice) was administered to psychiatric patients of both sexes (n = 312), with and without TD after an overnight fast. Plasma LNAA levels were assayed both fasting and 2 h subsequent to the ingestion of the challenge. The extent of the increase in plasma Phe levels 2 h following a standardized challenge is determined by the sum of the kinetic processes of plasma absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism and elimination. Results: The study hypothesis, that TD would be associated with significantly higher post-challenge plasma Phe indices of an absolute plasma Phe level and plasma Phe/LNAA ratio (a brain availability measure), was verified for the study men (n = 209), but not for the study women (n = 103). Conclusions: The demonstrated altered kinetics of Phe in men with TD indicates a greater availability of Phe to the brain in these men. We suggest that the disorder may be related to the effects of this greater availability. Such effects could be the direct neurotoxic effects of Phe and its metabolites and/or the modulating effects of these compounds on the synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters. The fact that TD (Yes/No) group differences in post-challenge plasma Phe indices were not seen for the study women suggests the possibility of a sex difference in the biology of TD that we propose may be reflective of the young age of the study sample. Received: 28 January 1998/Final version: 14 December 1998     

论单核苷酸多态性与中医证的个体差异

单核苷酸(nucleotide)是基因的基本组成单位，单核苷酸多态性(Single Nacl eotide Poly morPhism,SNP)是指任何两个不同个体之间的单核苷酸序列中均有不同的排列次序，导致遗传变异而形成不同个体的差异性和多样性。它是决定人的个体差异的主要因素，是遗传的变异性所引起。个体差异是个体机体功能相对偏差以保持动态稳定的特征，是潜在的病理因素，其发病具有质化特点。证以质为基础，质以证的形式表现出来，证的特征包含着质的特征，证往往随质而转移，证的个体差异与单核苷酸多态性有关，这是中西医结合研究的最佳切入点。建立证与药的单核苷酸组学，可阐明中医药防治疾病原理，实现个体化医学治疗的理想，体现中医治病求本和防治未病的思想。     

钛基底对钛-瓷修复体表面色的影响

目的　探讨钛金属基底对钛 -瓷修复体表面色是否有明显影响。方法　制作 Dentsply DETREY- Carat瓷粉与钛 -瓷修复体标准试件 ,用 CS- 5型分光光度计测色 ,统计分析测定结果 ,并计算色差。结果　钛金属基底与Ni- Cr金属基底间颜色差异较大 ,但加不透明瓷及牙体瓷后 ,两组试件各色度指标统计学上无显著性差异 ,色差均小于 1.5。结论　钛金属基底对钛 -瓷修复体表面色无明显影响 ,Dentsply两种瓷粉同色瓷间无明显颜色差异。     

武汉城区花粉症患者主要致敏花粉的研究

为探明武汉城区花粉症患者主要致敏花粉的种类及播季节播散的规律，采用国内统一标准及方法，在进行气传花粉调查的同时，将主要致敏花粉对２００例花粉症患者进行了皮肤敏感试验和发病季节的调查。     

Kappa opioid receptors in rat spinal cord vary across the estrous cycle

Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) were immunocytochemically localized in the lumbosacral spinal cord of female rats in different stages of the estrous cycle to examine the influence of hormonal status on receptor density. KOR labeling was primarily in fine processes and a few neuronal cell bodies in the superficial dorsal horn and the dorsolateral funiculus. Quantitative light microscopic densitometry of the superficial dorsal horn revealed that rats in diestrus had significantly lower KOR densities than those in proestrus or estrus. This suggests that female reproductive hormones regulate spinal KOR levels, which may contribute to variations in analgesic effectiveness of KOR agonists across the estrous cycle.     

非虚假设非中心法及其临床应用

目的本文提出一种非虚假设非中心法,并说明其临床应用.方法以非虚假设取代虚假设将经典非中心法加以扩展,以Monte Carlo方法展示其行为.结果当最小临床承认差量取零时,它还原为经典方法.其观测功效与预定功效吻合.结论这种方法适用于以治疗-对照差临床意义研究或临床等效性为目的临床试验的设计.     

IMPACT OF AGRO CLIMATIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABILITY ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INHABITANTS In THE GARHWAL HIMALAYAS

The Garhwal Himalayas are a part of a unique ecosystem, with sharp agro-climatic variations within a very small geographical area (53,485 km²). The varied agro-climatic situations result in different cropping systems and socio-economic lifestyles that could likely affect the nutritional status of the people living in this region. This article will attempt to explore the impact of these variables (namely, age, family size, education, income, calorie and protein intake, land holding, number of animals, and wheat production) on the body mass index (BMI) of the population residing in the Garhwal Hills. A total of 1,030 subjects were studied from the three agro-climatic zones (406 from the high hills, 292 from the mid hills, and 332 from the low hills). It has been found that the people living in the high hills are the most undernourished, as the lowest percentage of people (52.6 per cent) with an acceptable BMI and the highest percentage of people in the severely malnourished category (11.1 per cent) are found here. People living in urban areas have a better nutritional status. Correlation studies show that the nutritional status of the population improves with age, literacy levels, and small family size. In some cases, calorie and protein intake have a positive impact on the health of the people, whereas size of land holding, number of animals, and income of the family do not have any significant influence on nutritional status.     

智能医院洁净手术部监控系统设计概论

本文概述了智能医院洁净手术部的主要监控内容,提出了监控系统设计的一些新的理念,并给出了一种基于PROFIBUS的三级结构监控系统的原理框图。     

南水北调后微山湖区饮用水卫生现状调查

目的了解微山湖区生活饮用水水质情况。方法2005年对微山湖区生活饮用水选择监测点采样检测。结果在微山湖区84处监测点采集和检测水样168份,合格率为31.55%,深井水、浅井水、地面水合格率分别为41.67%、36.84%、11.36%。结论微生物污染是存在的主要卫生问题,防止湖区污染,加强水污染治理是今后工作中的新课题。