大学生抑郁障碍与父母教养方式的关系

目的探讨父母教养方式和生活事件与大学生抑郁障碍的关系,为家庭教育提供指导。方法应用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)与青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)对30名患抑郁障碍的大学生和30名正常对照进行调查。结果两组学生在生活事件量表总分;父母情感温暖、理解;惩罚、严厉;拒绝、否认;过度保护等方面有显著性差异,患者组母亲还表现出较强的过分干涉(P<0.05)。结论父母教养方式影响着大学生的情绪和对生活事件的态度,不良的教养方式会增加大学生发生抑郁障碍的可能。     

Ventricular enlargement, clinical correlates and treatment outcome in chronic schizophrenic inpatients.

The ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) of 42 chronic schizophrenic patients was compared with that of 42 age-matched medical controls. For the schizophrenics, the relationship of various clinical parameters to the VBR was assessed, and the outcome of 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with either risperidone or haloperidol. The results confirm that schizophrenic patients have slightly enlarged lateral ventricles compared with medical controls. Only for schizophrenics, an effect of age, but not of duration of illness, was noticed. This study does not support the validity of a clinical subdivision of chronic schizophrenic patients on the basis of the VBR. Neither negative, positive nor general psychopathological symptoms, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS), were related to the VBR, nor were abnormal involuntary movements or extrapyramidal symptoms. No association between season of birth or a family history of major mental disorder and VBR could be demonstrated. Treatment response was predicted by the total PANSS score and the PANSS general psychopathology subscale score at baseline. There was a trend for patients with higher VBR to have a more or haloperidol). or haloperidol).     

精神分裂症患者面孔情绪认知特点及其影响因素研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者面孔情绪认知的特点及其影响因素。方法采用中国人面孔情绪测验(CFET)对121例精神分裂症患者进行测试,与76名正常对照比较,同时作阳性症状量表(SAPS)和阴性症状量表(SANS)评定。结果患者组6种基本情绪认知正确数均显著低于对照组,远隔错误数均显著高于对照组。回归分析显示,患者情绪认知障碍与年龄、用药情况、病程、住院次数及SAPS和SANS总评分无关,而受教育年限与情绪认知正确数和远隔错误数评分及多项不同情绪认知评分相关。SAPS阳性思维形式障碍因子分与CFET正确数总分呈负相关,而与CFET远隔错误数总分呈正相关,同时与惊、悲、怒情绪认知评分呈相关。SANS的注意障碍因子分与CFET正确数总分呈负相关,而与CFET远隔错误数总分呈正相关。结论精神分裂症患者存在广泛的情绪认知障碍并与某些症状相关,提示情绪认知障碍可能与疾病病理生理过程有关。     

Study of the measurement of defense style using Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire

Two hundred and seventy healthy university students were surveyed in December 1995 using Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) to measure the subjects' defense mechanisms. At the same time, a survey using Byrne's R-S Scale (Repression–Sensitization Scale) of the MMPI (Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory) and five psychiatric symptom indexes (anxiety, sense of inadequacy, sensitivity, depression and impulsive anger) selected from the CMI (Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire) was conducted. Three factors were extracted from the DSQ through factor analysis: immature defenses, neurotic defenses, and mature defenses. The results of analysis of variance revealed the following: (i) for anxiety and anxiety related symptoms, both immature defenses and neurotic defenses indicated principal effect; (ii) for impulsive anger and depression, immature defenses presented principal effect; and (iii) for sensitivity and impulsive anger, interaction between a mature defense style and neurotic defense style was noted. The relationship between defense styles and psychiatric symptoms in healthy people is studied in this paper.     

Augmentation strategies in geriatric depression

Approximately 30–40% of elderly patients with major depression have inadequate response to an initial therapeutic trial of antidepressant medication. In these cases augmentation of the antidepressant has been recommended as one way of improving the rate of response. This article reviews the literature on augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant geriatric depression. Successful augmentation with lithium, triiodothyronine, stimulants, carbamazepine, valproate and a tricyclic–serotonin reuptake inhibitor combination have been described. However, there have been no controlled trials and, with the exception of two open prospective studies of lithium potentiation, the literature consists entirely of case reports and retrospective case series. As a result, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the efficacy of these strategies in late life, especially since treatment failures seldom get reported. Side-effects may limit the usefulness of some augmentation regimens in old age—up to 25% of patients treated with lithium or carbamazepine discontinued these medications because of adverse events. There is a need for controlled studies to better determine the clinical utility of augmentation strategies in physically well depressed elderly, as well as those with depression complicating medical illness, dementia and other neurological disorders.     

鼻咽癌放化疗患者味嗅觉改变及自我报告症状的相关性

目的 基于鼻咽癌放化疗患者自我报告症状进行分析,探讨症状困扰与味嗅觉改变(taste and smell alterations, TSAs)的相关性,为症状评估和管理策略的制定提供依据。方法 采用横断面调查,于2021年6—12月,采用一般资料调查表、味嗅觉调查表(the Taste and Smell Survey, TSS)、安德森症状量表-头颈部模块(M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck, MDASI-HN)对142例鼻咽癌放化疗患者进行问卷调查。结果 TSS总分为10.00(6.00,13.00),味觉维度7.00(5.00,9.00),嗅觉维度3.00(0.00,5.00)。MDASI-HN量表核心症状困扰个数为11.00(7.75,13.00),头颈症状困扰个数为7.00(4.00,9.00),生活干扰个数为5.00(2.00,6.00),其中核心症状困扰、头颈症状困扰与TSAs程度分级呈正相关(P<0.05)。MDASI-HN量表条目睡眠不安、发音/讲话困难、食物或饮水呛咳、工作(包含家务劳动)与TSAs程度分级...     

Psychological aspects of Crohn's disease

This is a critical review of 16 studies reporting a relationship between Crohn's disease and psychological variables. The studies reviewed indicate a relationship between the psychological variables of stressful life events, personality characteristics, and psychopathology and the onset and/or exacerbation of Crohn's symptoms. Personality characteristics such as depression, anxiety, and dependency are frequently reported as are the occurrence of stressful life events and the presence of psychopathology. The nature of the relationship is not explained by the research to date; however, the findings summarized in this report indicate that additional investigation into this association is warranted. A plan for such research is suggested.     

PTSD症状自评量表的信效度初步评价

目的：编制创伤后应激障碍症状自评量表。方法：根据诊断标准和Kubany的痛苦事件量表相结合来编制量表；在284名大学生、87名受灾居民和70名消防官兵中进行信度和效度检验。结果：量表的一致性系数为0．88-0．94，重测信度为0.83-0．88，与SCL90的焦虑、抑郁和恐怖因子的相关性在0．73以上，与DSM-IV的诊断符合率在90％以上。结论：量表有很好的信效度．可以用于评估创伤后应激障碍的症状及其严重程度。     

原发性肝癌患者抑郁症状与不成熟防御机制的关系

目的：了解原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的抑郁症状和不成熟防御机制（IDM）的水平，探讨PLC患者的抑郁症状与IDM的关系。方法：采用流调用抑郁自评量表（CES－D）和防御式方式问卷（DSQ）对PLC患者和健康组各100例进行调查。结果：1）PLC患者中49％可能或肯定有抑郁症状，其中23％肯定有抑郁症状，其发生率高于健康组；2）PLC组的CES－D总分高于健康组；3）PLC组比健康组采用较多分裂和潜意显现机制，采用较少抱怨机制；4）肯定有抑郁症状者比无抑郁症状者采用较多IDM；5）两组CES－D总分与IDM均分呈显著正相关，Pearson r为0.473-0.776，其中PLC组为0．473。结论：抑郁症状是PLC患者常见的负性情绪，医护人员应引起重视，并指导患者采用成熟的防御机制代替不成熟防御机制，预防并减轻患者的抑郁症状，以提高患者的生活质量。