深圳市属医院肺结核归口管理检查结果分析

目的　调查综合医院肺结核归口管理工作的现状,掌握可疑肺结核病人报告转诊的实际情况,采取有效措施提高病人发现水平。方法 调查4家市属医院,检查相关部门的资料。结果 综合医院存在漏诊和转诊不到位的情况。结论 采取有效的措施,提高病人的转诊到位率。     

An investigation of tests for linearity and the accuracy of likelihood based inference using random fields

We analyze the random field regression model approach recently suggested by Hamilton (2001, Econometrica, 69, 537–73). We show through extensive simulation studies that although the random field approach is indeed very closely related to the non‐parametric spline smoother it seems to offer several advantages over the latter. First, tests for neglected nonlinearity based on Hamilton's random field approach seem to be more powerful than existing test statistics developed within the context of the multivariate spline smoother approach. Second, the convergence properties of the random field approach in limited samples appear to be significantly better than those of the multivariate spline smoother. Finally, when compared to the popular neural network approach the random field approach also performs very well. These results provide strong support for the view of Harvey and Koopman (2000, Econometrics Journal, 3, 84–107) that model‐based kernels or splines have a sounder statistical justification than those typically used in non‐parametric work.     

Ophthalmic manifestations of head injury

Head injuries are frequently associated with ophthalmic problems. The commonest problems seen in this series of 161 patients with head injury were problems with poor accommodation (16% of patients; 58% of these persisted), convergence (14% of patients; 35% of these persisted), pseudomyopia (19%; 55% persisted) and optic atrophy (26% of the patients; 78% of these were mild and easily missed on routine testing, and 22% were severe).
Motility disorders were common, especially cranial nerve palsies. Other less frequent motility disturbances included apparent inferior oblique palsy, comitant esotropia, and exotropia which was often of the convergence insufficiency type.     

基于免疫规划的传感器非线性校正

在医学仪器测量中,大多数传感器的输入输出呈非线性。针对此问题,本研究在进化规划的基础上引入生物免疫机制,从而形成免疫规划,利用免疫规划来对传感器进行非线性校正。这种方法就是利用免疫规划计算得到校正环节的待定常数,使得整个系统的输出与传感器的输入间呈线性关系。实例分析的结果表明,利用免疫规划对传感器进行传感器的非线性校正,具有较高的校正精度,较快的收敛速度和非常好的稳定性。     

基本型间歇性外斜视患者的斜视控制能力与融合性辐辏和分开运动的关系

背景 间歇性外斜视是介于外隐斜和恒定性外斜视之间的一种斜视类型.间歇性外斜视患者融合性辐辏和分开运动的评估对了解患者控制隐斜或间歇性偏斜的能力是非常重要的. 目的 分析基本型间歇性外斜视患儿融合性辐辏运动和分开运动与外斜视控制之间的关系. 方法 采用系列病例观察研究方法,纳入2013年7月至2014年2月在北京同仁医院就诊的基本型间歇性外斜视患儿63例.采用三棱镜加交替遮盖法测定患儿双眼偏斜角度;采用修正纽卡斯尔控制分数(RNCS)方法评估外斜视的控制能力并进行评分;采用1 Δ～40Δ的水平三棱镜排镜及调节性视标检测融合性辐辏和分开运动的破裂点、恢复点和恢复易度检测.采用Spearman秩相关分析法评估融合性辐辏和分开运动的测量参数与间歇性外斜视控制分数之间的关系.结果 患儿右眼和左眼的平均屈光度分别为(-1.95±1.63)D和(-2.01±1.73)D,受检眼视远和视近时斜视度分别为(36.67±15.69)Δ和(38.25±14.83)Δ,差异均无统计学意义(t =-0.13、-0.57,均P＞0.05).患儿视远及视近时融合性辐辏运动的破裂点与外斜视控制分数之间均呈明显负相关(rs=-0.41,P=0.03;rs=-0.56,P＜0.01);而视远及视近融合性分开运动的破裂点与外斜视控制分数之间均无明显相关性(rs =0.05,P=0.78;rs=0.04,P=0.75).无论辐辏融合还是分开融合,融合恢复易度与外斜视控制分数之间均无明显相关性(均P＞0.05).结论 融合性辐辏运动破裂点的检测能较好地提示间歇性外斜视的严重程度,有可能作为间歇性外斜视的手术治疗指征之一.     

A Novel Framework for Segmentation of Secretory Granules in Electron Micrographs

It is still a standard practice for biologists to manually analyze transmission electron microscopy images. This is not only time consuming but also not reproducible and prone to induce subjective bias. For large-scale studies of insulin granules inside beta cells of the islet of Langerhans, an automated method for analysis is essential. Due to the complex structure of the images, standard microscopy segmentation techniques cannot be applied. We present a new approach to segment and measure transmission electron microscopy images of insulin granule cores and membranes from beta cells of rat islets of Langerhans. The algorithm is separated into two broad components, core segmentation and membrane segmentation. Core segmentation proceeds through three steps: pre-segmentation using a novel level-set active contour, morphological cleaning and a refining segmentation on each granule using a novel dual level-set active contour. Membrane segmentation is achieved in four steps: morphological cleaning, membrane sampling and scaling, vector field convolution for gap filling and membrane verification using a novel convergence filter. We show results from our algorithm alongside popular microscopy segmentation methods; the advantages of our method are demonstrated. Our algorithm is validated by comparing automated results to a manually defined ground truth. When the number of granules detected is compared to the number of granules in the ground truth a precision of 91% and recall of 87% is observed. The average granule areas differ by 13.35% and 6.08% for core and membranes respectively, when compared to the average areas of the ground truth. These results compare favorably to previously published data.     

From the Cover: Tales of volcanoes and El-Ni?o southern oscillations with the oxygen isotope anomaly of sulfate aerosol

The ability of sulfate aerosols to reflect solar radiation and simultaneously act as cloud condensation nuclei renders them central players in the global climate system. The oxidation of S(IV) compounds and their transport as stable S(VI) in the Earth’s system are intricately linked to planetary scale processes, and precise characterization of the overall process requires a detailed understanding of the linkage between climate dynamics and the chemistry leading to the product sulfate. This paper reports a high-resolution, 22-y (1980–2002) record of the oxygen-triple isotopic composition of sulfate (SO₄) aerosols retrieved from a snow pit at the South Pole. Observed variation in the O-isotopic anomaly of SO₄ aerosol is linked to the ozone variation in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere via the Ozone El-Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSO) Index (OEI). Higher ∆¹⁷O values (3.3‰, 4.5‰, and 4.2‰) were observed during the three largest ENSO events of the past 2 decades. Volcanic events inject significant quantities of SO₄ aerosol into the stratosphere, which are known to affect ENSO strength by modulating stratospheric ozone levels (OEI = 6 and ∆¹⁷O = 3.3‰, OEI = 11 and ∆¹⁷O = 4.5‰) and normal oxidative pathways. Our high-resolution data indicated that ∆¹⁷O of sulfate aerosols can record extreme phases of naturally occurring climate cycles, such as ENSOs, which couple variations in the ozone levels in the atmosphere and the hydrosphere via temperature driven changes in relative humidity levels. A longer term, higher resolution oxygen-triple isotope analysis of sulfate aerosols from ice cores, encompassing more ENSO periods, is required to reconstruct paleo-ENSO events and paleotropical ozone variations.     

由βk^DY控制的一类无约束优化方法

将Dai-Yuan共轭梯度法的前提条件βk>0改为βk<0,根据搜索方向的下降性要求,得出含参数Dai-Yuan记忆梯度法,并在Wolfe条件下做出了收敛性证明,从而进一步得到了由βkDY控制的一类无约束优化方法.