Metamemory with ageing in schizophrenia: A first study

The aim was to study metamemory during encoding in older schizophrenia patients. Thirteen older patients were compared to 13 healthy controls. Despite their memory impairment, older schizophrenia patients were able to assess the material accurately. They were not able, however, to adapt their learning time as efficiently as controls.     

Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza hospitalizations in Danish children 2010–2016

ObjectiveTo pave the way for universal or risk factor-based vaccination strategies, the present study aimed to describe the epidemiology and compare risk factors for hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infections in Danish children.MethodsNational register-based cohort study among 403,422 Danish children born 2010–2016.ResultsPrior asthma hospitalization, number of children in the household, chronic disease and maternal history of asthma hospitalization were the most important risk factors for both RSV and influenza hospitalization. The incidence of influenza increased at school start.ConclusionsOur findings enable targeted vaccination programs for high-risk children with asthma-like disease, chronic disease, siblings in the household, or maternal history of asthma hospitalization.     

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE-INDUCED FATIGUE WITH AND WITHOUT HYDRATION ON STATIC POSTURAL CONTROL IN ADULT HUMAN SUBJECTS

Postural instability can be the result of various factors, including fatigue. Although it is well known that exercise-induced fatigue may be responsible for a decrease in performance, its effects on postural control, as well as those of hydration, have been relatively little explored. This study evaluated the effects of fatigue, with and without rehydration, on postural control in 10 healthy subjects who regularly practice sports activities. All subjects were submitted to three types of ergocycle exercises: maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) and submaximal exercises in no-hydrated and hydrated conditions at a power corresponding to approximately 60% of the Vo2max of each subject. Static posturographic tests were performed immediately before (control) and after exercises. The postural control performance decreased from the best to the worst: control, hydration, dehydration, and Vo2max. Fast Fourier transformation of the center of foot pressure showed three patterns of amplitude spectral density, with an increase of spectral amplitude for dehydration, more important for Vo2max conditions. Spectral amplitudes for control and hydration conditions were relatively similar. This hierarchy suggests that fatigue mainly alters muscular effectors and sensory inputs, such as proprioception, resulting in poor postural regulation. Moreover, fluid ingestion could be responsible for the preservation of muscular functions and of sensory afferences accurately regulating postural control.     

Insulin-meal interval and short-term glucose fluctuation in tightly controlled gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: To study the effect of two insulin-meal intervals on short-term glucose fluctuations in tightly controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: We performed a prospective and paired study in 11 Japanese GDM women requiring insulin for good glycemic control during the third trimester. The women were subjected to test two insulin-meal intervals: 15 min and 30 min. Both regimens were examined in each patient in random order, 2 days apart. Blood glucose was measured by an automated glucose monitor every 2 min. Short-term glucose fluctuations of the two observations were analyzed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements with a post hoc t test ( p < 0.05). Data were expressed as mean &#45 SD. Results: Daily glucose profiles of the two groups showed that their glycemic controls on the days of observation were good and that the two glucose profile curves were superimposable. A transient decrease in glucose (nadir 62 &#45 6 mg/dl) was observed at 6-10 min of meal ingestion in the 30-min regimen, which was significantly different from the glucose fluctuations during the 15-min regimen. The 2-h postprandial glucose levels were similar in both experiments. Conclusions: In women with tightly controlled GDM during the third trimester, insulin-meal intervals of 15 min are beneficial when compared with 30-min intervals, in that they avoid preprandial hypoglycemia without increasing 2-h postprandial hyperglycemia.     

控制剖宫产率前后的手术指征变化分析

目的分析控制剖宫产率前后的手术指征所占比例的变化，总结有效的措施降低剖宫产率。方法回顾性分析2012年11月～2013年10月我院住院经剖宫产分娩的病例，2012年11月1日～2013年4月30日剖宫产分娩病例作为对照组，2013年5月1日～2013年10月31日剖宫产分娩病例作为研究组，比较两组剖宫产率、两组剖宫产指征所占的比例是否有统计学差异。结果两组剖宫产率有统计学差异（P〈0．05），社会因素、羊水过少、胎儿窘迫、瘢痕子宫、胎位异常、产程异常及其他因素剖宫产率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），巨大儿、胎盘异常、妊娠合并症剖宫产率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论加强宣教和高危产妇的监管，提高医务人员技术水平，严格控制剖宫产率，可以有效降低剖宫产率。     

社区护理学

社区护理管理2社区护理管理职能2.4社区护理管理的控制职能2.4.1定义控制（controlling）是社区护理管理者监督和规范组织行为,使其与组织计划、目标和预期的绩效标准一致的系统行动过程。