Education of Nonscientists About New Alcohol Research: Results of Two Types of Presentations Plus 6-Month Follow-up

Education of nonscientists by scientists is assumed to be beneficial for enhancing public understanding of the research process and increasing public excitement about science. However, evaluation of audience response to receiving such information has rarely been performed. In particular, the effectiveness of communicating new research on alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence has never been evaluated. Evaluation data in the present study show significant knowledge transfer, belief changes, and participant reports of possible behavioral changes in targeted audiences. These occur when alcohol researchers present basic neuropharmacological concepts and new neurobiological research to audiences consisting primarily of chemical dependency counselors, social workers, criminal justice workers, physicians, nurses, family, clergy, and others interested in alcohol-related problems (defined as "clinicians" and the "reachable public"). Together, these results suggest that it is possible to change the beliefs, knowledge, and behavior of chemical dependency clinicians and the reachable public about alcoholism, its causes, and its treatment.     

传染病突发公共卫生事件中临床医生信息需求特征分析

目的探讨传染病突发公共卫生事件期间临床医生的信息需求特征。方法以虚拟类流感样疾病暴发为案例,采用小组访谈方式了解来自浙江宁波不同综合医疗机构8位临床医生对传染病疫情的信息需求。结果传染病突发公共卫生事件期间,临床医生普遍关注的基本信息包括4个方面:疾病特征、已采取措施、相关诊治信息和指导建议等相关信息。所有医生认为临床资料重要、5位医生认为流行病学资料重要、3位医生认为处置规范重要、所有医生认为突发事件期间提供信息平台重要。结论传染病突发公共卫生事件发生后临床医生普遍需要提供疾病相关信息,同时技术管理者需要提供处置相关规范性标准。针对不同时期、不同对象应提供不同的核心信息,并保持信息的持续更新。     

医院药师与临床医师科研合作切入点的思考与体会

摘 要医院药学科研作为医院药师的重要工作内容之一,其最终目的在于服务于临床,服务于患者,更好地提高临床合理用药水平。医院药师进行科研选题时应与临床紧密结合,在临床药学实践过程中与临床医师积极沟通,找准与临床医师进行科研合作的切入点,开展以“临床合理用药”为中心的药学研究。医院药师要积极主动参与“临床实践”工作,时刻留意临床实践的“科研”价值,重点突出医院药学科研的“临床应用”特点,与临床医师共同完成“应用基础研究”。此外,本文对医院药师和临床医师可合作开展的主要科研内容进行了分析与思考。     

Emerging Technologies and Family: A Cross-National Study of Family Clinicians’ Views

Emerging technology adoption poses new challenges and opportunities to families and clinicians. Research that explores clinicians’ understanding and use of information-communication technologies; however, is still scarce. Our study, a replication of a cross-national study in four countries (Canada, Mexico, Spain, and the United States), investigated the relationship among clinicians’ use of and attitudes toward emerging technologies and their beliefs about technology’s impact on families in Turkey. We further inquired the relationship of two factors: the impact of emerging technology on the clinicians’ own families and the impact of cultural values on the attitudes toward technology use. The Turkish version of the modified Emerging Technologies and Families Survey was administered to family clinicians. The analytical strategy included a comparison of the data we collected in Turkey (n = 97) and the raw data from the original study (n = 258). We found significant cross-national differences in clinicians’ use of and attitudes toward information-communication technologies, and their assessments of families’ struggles with emerging technology. We analyzed the data vis-a-vis cultural differences and gave a special emphasis on implications for enhancing clinical practice.

1. Emerging technologies challenge families’ and family therapists’ assumptions about healthy family processes; attention to the self of the therapist at the intersection of cultural values is core in a sound assessment of families adopting emerging technologies.

2. Cultural humility and a curious stance may counteract the pervasive negative discourse about emerging technology adoption.

3. Empowering parents and couples to put technology in “its place” may ease the negative impact and enhance the positive influence of these technologies on families.

     

网络环境下对临床医生的个性化信息服务

论述在网络环境下图书馆为临床医生开展个性化信息服务的必要性和可行性,介绍开展个性化信息服务的前期准备工作和具体的服务模式;同时对应注意的问题进行探讨。     

临床医生在转化医学发展中的关键角色

临床医生是转化医学发展中的关键角色,是临床问题的发现者、科学问题的凝炼者、基础研究与临床研究的合作者,及研究成果的实践者,发挥临床医生在转化医学发展中的角色作用,有利于促进转化医学的发展和人民健康水平的提高.     

重庆市合川区医护人员心理健康状况分析

目的：调查重庆市合川区医护人员的心理健康状况。方法：以重庆市合川区570名医护人员为研究对象,应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）调查,以SCL-90总分>160分为心理症状阳性,并在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9项因子及总均分等方面进行统计分析。结果：心理症状阳性的比例：医护人员18.95%（108/570）;临床护士23.20%（58/250）,临床医生15.63%（50/320）;区级卫生单位医护人员25.60%（75/293）,卫生院医护人员11.91%（33/277）。该地区医护人员SCL-90多项因子分与中国人常模比较有明显差异;区级单位医护人员各项因子得分及总均分均明显高于卫生院医护人员,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;护士在强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性及总均分方面明显高于医生,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）,在精神病性方面差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而在躯体化、人际关系、恐怖及偏执等方面两者无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：该地区医护人员的心理健康状况较差。区级医疗卫生单位医护人员的心理健康状况明显比卫生院工作人员差,临床护士心理健康状况较临床医生差。     

Significant changes in emergency department length of stay and case mix over eight years at a large Swedish University Hospital

ObjectiveDescribe the longitudinal development of crowding and patient/emergency department (ED) characteristics at a Swedish University Hospital.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal registry study based on all ED visits with adult patients during 2009–2016 (N = 1,063,806). Patient characteristics and measures of ED crowding (ED occupancy ratio, length-of-stay [LOS], patients/clinician’s ratios) were extracted from the hospital’s electronic health record. Non-parametric analyses were conducted.ResultsThe proportion of unstable patients (triage level 1–2) increased while the proportion of admitted patients decreased. All crowding variables were stable, except for LOS, which increased by 9 min/visit/year (95% CI: 8.8–9.1). LOS for visits by patients ≥ 80 years increased more compared to those 18–79 (248 min vs. 190 min, p < 0.001). Unstable patients increased their median LOS compared to stable patients (triage level 3–5). LOS for discharged patients increased with an average of 7.7 min/year (95% CI: 7.5–7.9) compared to 15.5 min/year (95% CI: 15.2–15.8) for those being admitted.ConclusionFewer admissions, despite an increase of unstable patients, is likely related to lack of in-hospital beds and contributes to ED crowding. The increase in median ED LOS, especially for patients in the subgroups unstable, ≥80 years and admitted to in-hospital care reflects this problem.