深圳市南山区医疗机构消毒效果分析

目的:了解南山区各医院及个体诊所卫生消毒状况。方法:对2002~2003年间区属各医院及个体诊所消毒效果的监测结果进行统计分析。结果:2002年与2003年区镇医院消毒效果平均合格率分别为94.4%和97.1%,个体诊所平均合格率分别为87.6%和89.8%。结论:区(镇)医院消毒效果优于个体诊所,空气合格率普遍较低,卫生防疫机构要加大力度进行监督检测,同时加强对医务人员进行消毒知识培训。     

冬凌草单药及与化疗合用治疗食管癌205例

目的:观察冬凌草单药及与化疗合用治疗食管癌的临床疗效.方法:448例患者,均经病理细胞学和X线检查确诊为食管癌.其中早期癌76例,均采用冬凌草单药治疗.晚期癌372例,167例采用冬凌草单药治疗,205例采用冬凌草与化疗合用.结果:用冬凌草单药治疗早期食管癌患者3,5,10,13 a的生存率明显高于未治疗组(98.68% vs 51.52%,84.02% vs 28.62%,63.49% vs 11.45%,50.13% vs 8.59%;P<0.001).对于晚期食管癌,冬凌草联合化疗应用,其总有效率明显高于以PYM(BLM)为基础的单一化疗(66.82% vs 42.85%,P<0.01).冬凌草与化疗合用组与单一化疗对照组相比副作用基本相同,无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:对于早期食管癌患者,冬凌草能控制疾病发展延长生存时间;对于晚期食管癌患者,冬凌草能增强化疗的作用.     

多模式临床支持系统的研究进展

目的探讨多模式临床支持系统的研究进展。方法通过了解国际多模式临床支持系统发展和运作情况,并与传统的临床支持系统进行对比,探讨多模式临床支持系统的国际研究进展情况。结果在多模式临床支持系统概念、目的及特点认识的基础上,了解了多模式临床支持系统的国际进展情况。结论临床支持系统模式的发展和演变,为多学科协作诊治模式提供了新的临床辅助,加强了循证医学的临床实践和相应的提升体系,但临床支持系统项目在目前我国医院的应用还需要进一步探讨和研究。     

Semmelweis’ present day follow-up: Updating bacterial sampling and enrichment in clinical hygiene

Potentially dangerous antibiotic resistant contaminants have permanently penetrated at least well-off western populations. The danger is so evident that some hospitals have started to refuse accepting patients who carry such bacteria. Sampling and enrichment measures in hygiene monitoring must be updated as they are corner stones in handling the problems and safeguarding the health care units. Their patients, when exposed to microorganisms are strenuous to treat. Sometimes even this fails, if the infections are spreading in weakened patients. The present review summarizes currently used technologies and the abilities of bacteria to avoid detection. Improved protocols on environmental monitoring in healthcare units are required. They should be comparable with contamination control in industries. Actually these measures in health care should be even stricter because human lives are directly endangered as the resistance of especially elderly patients is low.     

The clinical encounter as local moral world: Shifts of assumptions and transformation in relational context

In this study we consider the process of the clinical encounter, and present exemplars of how assumptions of both clinicians and their patients can shift or transform in the course of a diagnostic interview. We examine the process as it is recalled, and further elaborated, in post-diagnostic interviews as part of a collaborative inquiry during reflections with clinicians and patients in the northeastern United States. Rather than treating assumptions by patients and providers as a fixed attribute of an individual, we treat them as occurring between people within a particular social context, the diagnostic interview. We explore the diagnostic interview as a landscape in which assumptions occur (and can shift), navigate the features of this landscape, and suggest that our examination can best be achieved by the systematic comparison of views of the multiple actors in an experience-near manner. We describe what might be gained by this shift in assumptions and how it can make visible what is at stake for clinician and patient in their local moral worlds—for patients, acknowledgment of social suffering, for clinicians how assumptions are a barrier to engagement with minority patients. It is crucial for clinicians to develop this capacity for reflection when navigating the interactions with patients from different cultures, to recognize and transform assumptions, to notice ‘surprises’, and to elicit what really matters to patients in their care.     

实习医生临床技能操作短期集中培训的可行性分析

探索临床技能培训和提高学生临床实践能力的有效方法.通过培训前考核、观看教学片、指导教师示范、模拟练习、现场点评、培训后考核等方式,比较培训前后考核成绩.通过短期集中培训,使实习生在临床技能方面快速提高.学生们很快掌握了临床基本技能操作规范,为更好地投入到临床实习打下了良好的基础.     

子宫内膜萎缩疗法治疗青春期功血362例临床研究

目的：探讨子宫内膜萎缩疗法治疗青春期功血（DUB）的止血效果。方法：将362例平均分为观察组（采用炔诺酮、戊酸雌二醇联合疗法止血）和对照组（单用炔诺酮子宫内膜萎缩疗法止血），两组各181例，比较两组的止血效果。结果：观察组和对照组止血有效率分别为96．13％（174／181）和92．27％（167／181），两组比较差异无统计学意义（踟105）；观察组和对照组控制出血时间分别为（28．69±14．87）h和（29．72±15．34）h，两组比较差异无统计学意义（踟．05）。观察组和对照组的完全止血时间分别为（32．80±19．10）h和（47．30±18．60）h，两组比较差异有统计学意义（／9〈0．05）。观察组和对照组的住院天数平均为（6．10±2．80）d和（6．9±2．60）d，观察组住院时间短于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：炔诺酮止血疗法和炔诺酮、戊酸雌二醇联合疗法治疗青春期功血效果均较好，但炔诺酮、戊酸雌二醇联合疗法治疗效果更佳。     

治疗时机对创伤性漂浮膝预后的影响

目的:探讨不同的手术时机对于创伤性漂浮膝术后功能恢复的影响。方法:回顾性分析42例接受手术治疗并获得随访的漂浮膝患者术后膝关节功能恢复情况,将患者按接受手术的时间分为72h内（23例）和72h后（19例）手术组,根据Karlstrom标准对两组患者术后膝关节功能恢复情况进行评定,将评定结果使用SPSS10·0软件进行统计学分析。结果:随访11个月⁶年,平均26个月,72h内接受手术者膝关节功能恢复情况优10例,良7例,中5例,差1例;72h后接受手术者优2例,良5例,中4例,差8例,两组结果差异有显著性统计学意义（P<0·01）。结论:早期手术坚强内固定、早期进行功能锻炼对于漂浮膝损伤远期功能的恢复具有重要的意义。     

医院图书馆与医务人员卫生法学教育

为了改变卫生人员和医学生的知识结构,自觉执行卫生法,培养适应新时代有道德、有文化、守纪律、高素质的卫生人员,必须要加强学习卫生法学教育。文章阐述了卫生法的概念,及其教育的意义,卫生法学在医疗实践中的作用;同时提出了图书馆如何配合医院开展卫生法学教育的措施,扩大藏书内容,开办法律讲座学习班,做好法律知识宣传工作,坚持以医教研为中心,深化服务质量。