内皮源性舒张因子对内皮损伤的大鼠胸主动脉内膜增生的影响

目的：观察内皮源性舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）的前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）和抑制剂ＷＮ－硝基－Ｌ－精氨酸（ＬＮＮＡ）对内皮损伤动脉新生内膜形成的影响。方法：采用大鼠胸主动脉内皮损伤术、氚标记的胸腺嘧啶核苷酸、（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）参入试验和计算机图像计量法。结果：Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（５００ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｄ静脉注射，共１４天，ｎ＝７）可明显减少内皮损伤动脉３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入量，降低血管新生内膜面积、新生内膜覆盖面长度、新生内膜面积／中膜面积比率、新生内膜覆盖面长度／内弹力层周长比率等指标，而ＬＮＮＡ（１５ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｄ皮内注射，共１４天，ｎ＝７）的作用恰好相反。结论：内皮源性舒张因子可通过抑制内皮损伤动脉中平滑肌细胞增殖而减轻新生内膜的形成。     

Enquête nationale sur l’assistance circulatoire et respiratoire de courte durée en 2009

Objective

Indications for short-term circulatory and/or respiratory support (STCRS) increased during the last years. The goal of this survey was to characterize this activity in France in 2009.

Study design

Observational retrospective pluricentral.

Materiel and methods

Each center of cardiothoracic surgery received a questionnaire validated by the Société française de perfusion about the activity, materials and organization used for STCRS. Data were expressed as percentages or median (25–75 percentiles).

Results

Forty-one centers on 61 (67%) answered. STCRS was performed respectively by 33 (80.5 %), 36 (87.8 %) and 39 (95.1 %) of centers in 2007, 2008 and 2009 including 10 [4–26], 18 [6–29] and 18 [5–33] cases/center per year. In 2009, types of STCRS installed were veno-arterial in 39 centres (95.1 %), veno-venous in 27 (65.9 %) and Novalung^® in four (9.8 %), including 18 [5–32], five [2–7] and 15 [1–17] cases respectively. Twenty-nine centers (70.7%) installed STCRS outside the operating theater, and 24 (58.5%) in non-cardiothoracic surgery. A mobile circulatory support unit was created in eight centers (19.5%), however 21 (51.2%) have installed STCRS externally, at distances between 10 [5–55] to 100 [15–200] km, using emergency vehicles in most of the cases (90.5%), but helicopter seldom (19%).

Conclusion

STCRS has increased over the last few years in France. Externalized activity outside the operating theater was important, time-consuming and used hospital resources therefore modifying the professional activity of perfusionists.     

Morphologic expression of the left coronary artery in pigs. An approach in relation to human heart

Introduction

In spite of its importance as an experimental model, the information on the left coronary artery in pigs is sparse.

Objective

To determine the morphologic features of the left coronary artery in pigs.

Methods

We evaluated 158 pig hearts. The left coronary artery was perfused with synthetic resin after their ostia had been catheterized. Diameters and courses of the vascular beds were measured with an electronic caliper (Mitutoyo^®).

Results

The diameter of left coronary artery was 6.98 ± 1.56 mm and its length was 3.51±0.99 mm. It was found to end up by bifurcating itself into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery in 79% of the cases, and by trifurcating in 21% of the cases, with the presence of the diagonal artery. The anterior interventricular artery ended up at the apex in 79.7% of the cases, and the circumflex artery at the posterior aspect of the left ventricle in 64% of the case, this artery never reached the posterior interventricular sulcus. An anastomosis between the terminal branches of the anterior interventricular artery and the posterior interventricular artery was found in 7.6% of the specimens. The antero-superior branch of the anterior interventricular artery occurred in 89.9% of the hearts. A left marginal branch was observed in 87.9% of the cases with a diameter of 2.25±0.55 mm.

Conclusion

Compared with humans, pigs have shorter left coronary artery trunks and branches; even the circumflex artery never reaches the posterior interventricular sulcus. Our findings are useful for the design of experimental hemodynamic and procedural models.     

体外循环手术中吸入七氟醚对循环与呼吸功能的影响

目的：观察在体外循环心内直视手术过程中吸入七氟醚对患者循环与呼吸功能的影响。方法：选择70例体外循环下心脏直视手术的患者,按随机数字表法分为七氟醚组35例（Q组）和对照组35例（D组）。Q组在麻醉诱导和体外循环过程中吸入1%~3%的七氟醚,D组在麻醉诱导和体外循环中不使用七氟醚,使用异丙酚。观察两组患者的心率、血压、气管导管带管时间、术后ICU留置时间等。结果：与D组比较,Q组在麻醉诱导及体外循环过程中血压波动较小,更平稳（P〈0.05）;气管导管带管时间和术后在ICU留置的时间也明显缩短（P〈0.05）。结论：体外循环心内直视手术过程中吸入七氟醚麻醉能使循环功能更稳定,心、肺功能恢复更快。     

姚淮芳温阳益气、活血化瘀法治疗胸痹经验

介绍姚淮芳教授临床应用温阳益气、活血化瘀法治疗胸痹经验。姚淮芳教授认为胸痹以阵发性胸部闷痛为主症,主要病位在心,基本病机为本虚标实,虚实夹杂,发病核心病机为心脉痹阻。本虚指脏腑阴、阳、气、血亏虚,标实有血瘀、寒凝、痰浊、气滞等。姚淮芳教授认为胸痹可因虚致实,亦可因实致虚,临床治疗胸痹应标本兼顾,治标实之气滞、血瘀、痰浊、寒凝运用理气行气、活血化瘀、化痰祛浊、温阳通脉之法,久病必瘀活血通脉法应全程应用,治病必求于本,治胸痹本虚应考虑相关脏腑气血阴阳之虚,辨证运用益气、补血、滋阴、养阳等方法。虽然临床胸痹证型繁杂,但以阳气虚为本,以血瘀为标者居多,姚淮芳教授应用温阳益气、活血化瘀法治疗胸痹频率较高,临床效果显著。