Fever and feeding in the rat: Actions of intrahypothalamic interleukin-6 compared to macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β)

The chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) and its subunit MIP-1β, induce an intense fever in the rat when they are injected directly into the anterior hypothalamic, pre-optic area (AH/POA), a region containing thermosensitive neurons. The purpose of this study was to compare the central action on body temperature (T_b) of MIP-1β with that of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which also has been implicated in the cerebral mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of fever. Following the stereotaxic implantation in the AH/POA of guide cannulae for repeated micro-injections, radio transmitters which monitor T_b continuously were inserted intraperitoneally in each of 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Each micro-injection was made in a site in the AH/POA in a volume of 1.0 μl of pyrogen-free artificial CSF, recombinant murine MIP-1β, or recombinant human IL-6. MIP-1β in a dose of 25 pg evoked an intense fever characterized by a short latency, a mean maximum rise in T_b of 2.4 ± 0.21°C reached by 3.7 ± 0.42 hr, and a duration exceeding 6.5 hr. Injected into homologous sites in the AH/POA, IL-6 induced a dose dependent fever of similar latency and a mean maximal increase in T_b of 1.2 ± 0.25°C, 1.8 ± 0.15°C, and 2.1 ± 0.22°C and duration of 6.2 ± 1.28 hr, 6.7 ± 0.49 hr, and 6.8 ± 0.65 hr when given in doses of 25, 50, and 100 ng, respectively. These results show that MIP-1β and the highest dose of IL-6 induce a fever of comparable intensity, but MIP-1β exerts its action in a much lower concentration. Thus, the de novo synthesis and subsequent action of the MIP-1 family of cytokines on neurons of the AH/POA in response to a pyrogen challenge apparently play a functional role in the pathogenesis of fever. Further, the endogenous activity of IL-6 in the hypothalamus which is enhanced in response to a lipopolysaccharide also may reflect its essential part in the acute phase response to a bacterial challenge. Copyright © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

人参总甙对正常家兔血液流变学的影响

本实验采用小剂量、长期给药的方法观察了人参总甙对正常家兔血液流变学的影响。结果表明人参总甙具有降低正常家兔血液粘度和血小板聚集性的作用,这可能是人参增加组织血流量、防治心血管疾患的重要依据。     

煤焦沥青烟雾提取物的细胞毒性和遗传毒性研究

采用人外周血淋巴细胞非程序DNA合成(UDS)试验和人胚肺成纤维细胞转化试验,测试了煤焦沥青烟雾提取物(ECTPF)对人体细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。UDS试验结果表明,ECTPF可使淋巴细胞UDS值明显增加,并有剂量一反应关系。引起半数淋巴细胞死亡的浓度(LC50)为33.8μg/ml。细胞转化试验表明,ECTPF能诱发人胚肺成纤维细胞明显的形态学转化,且转化细胞具有部分恶性转化细胞的特性。引起半数人胚肺成纤维细胞生长抑制的浓度为41.3μg/ml。实验结果提示,ECTPF是一种具有细胞毒性和遗传毒性的物质。     

An unusual case of chronic myelocytic leukemia characterized by a conspicuous tissue infiltration treated with leukapheresis

Summary An unusual case of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is described that presented leukocytosis at onset (720×10⁹/l), symptoms of stasis, organomegaly, and a conspicuous infiltration of leukemic cells from the pelvis to the right popliteal cavity. As initial therapy and in addition to chemotherapy, six therapeutic leukapheresis treatments (TL) were performed and the patient showed dramatic symptomatic improvement with reduction in leukocytosis (97×10⁹/l), organomegaly, and tissue infiltration.     

Quantitative autoradiography of 5-HT1D and 5-HT1E binding sites labelled by [H]5-HT, in frontal cortex and the hippocampal region of the human brain

In human cortex and hippocampus area, [³H]5-HT (5 nM) labels 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1D and 5-HT_1E sites. After masking 5-HT_1A receptors by 0.1 μM 8-OH-DPAT, the binding displaced by 0.1 μM 5-CT presumably represented 5-HT_1D sites and the remaining binding 5-HT_1E sites. In frontal cortex, 5-HT_1A receptors represented the main binding in layers II and VI and a lower fraction on other layers. 5-HT_1D and 5-HT_1E sites, were more homogeneously distributed in layers II to VI (21–34% of specific [³H]5-HT binding). 5-HT_1E sites were of similar affinities (K_D close to 6–8 nM) in the cortical layers II to VI. In CA1 field of hippocampus, (pyramidal layer, stratum radiatum, molecular layer), CA2 and dentate gyrus, 5-HT_1A receptors represented the major fraction, 5-HT_1D sites a significant fraction and 5-HT_1E a minor fraction of the specific [³H]5-HT binding. In CA3–CA4 fields, 5-HT_1A receptors were less densely present, 5-HT_1D sites were predominant and 5-HT_1E sites represented a significant fraction (27%). The highest densities of 5-HT_1E sites have been measured in subiculum, where 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1D, and 5-HT_1E binding sites were equally represented and in entorhinal cortex where 5-HT_1E sites represented the major binding in layer III. They were also present in layers II and IV (29 and 24%) and, to a lesser extent, in layers V and VI. 5-HT_1A sites were predominant in layer VI, II and V and were less abundant in other layers. 5-HT_1D were homogeneously present in layers II, III, IV and were present in low amounts in other layers. No 5-HT_1E were detected in choroid plexus, where [³H]5-HT was dramatically reduced by mesulergine (5-HT_2C receptors). No significant displacement of [³H]5-HT by mesulergine was measured in other structures.     

Fagaronine,a novel antileukaemic alkaloid

A review is presented about fagaronine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid responsible for antitumoural activity. Plant source, extraction, biosynthesis, medicinal properties, especially antileukaemic activity, are described.     

哒嗪酮酸类化合物的合成及其抗惊活性的研究

以ａ－酮戊二酸与水合肼与水合肼为原始原料合成了１５个Ｎ－（３’－磷酸二乙酯丙基）－１，６－二氢－６－氧－３－哒嗪酰胺类化合物，并对它们进行了最大电休克发作（ＭＥＳ）实验，结果表明其中４个化合物表现出中等强度的抗惊活性。     

dC14可抑制小鼠SRS腹水瘤的发病和生长

作者曾经体外实验证明,均聚寡脱氧胞嘧啶核苷酸片段(dC14)有抗病毒活性,现继续研究其在体内的作用。不给dC14的对照组小鼠,接种腹水瘤细胞后:100％发病和死亡,潜伏期为6d,存活期11d;给每只小鼠dC14 1.3～3.2 mg,发病率和死亡率降低至20％,疾病潜伏期和存活期推迟。在未经dC14处理的种瘤细胞和淋巴组织与经处理的淋巴组织中,多聚酶链反应(PCR)法都检测到病毒核酸,而正常小鼠中则无此种病毒核酸顺序。研究结果提示,dC14对小鼠SRS腹水瘤的发病和生长有抑制作用。此种抑制作用可能是通过抑制病毒基因的表达来实现的。     

甲型流感病毒治疗S37腹水瘤小鼠的实验研究

甲型流流感病毒鼠肺适庆型７５－３９株治疗Ｓ３７腹水型荷瘤小鼠，存活率达９３．３％。体外实验观察流感病毒感染Ｓ３７肿瘤细胞，到３天时Ｓ３７细胞经胎盘蓝染色，１００％的Ｓ３７细胞死亡，而对照组肿瘤细胞染色率只有１０％左右。     

Endoscopic laser pancreatic cystogastrostomy

Traditionally the drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts has been carried out operatively, forming a cystenterostomy. A simple endoscopic method of forming a pancreatic cystogastrostomy with laser is presented. This procedure does not require a general anesthetic, is safe, and allows resolution of symptoms.