基于复杂网络的心绞痛血瘀证中药组方研究

作者基于中医临床文献数据,从临床治疗心绞痛血瘀证的方剂出发,使用复杂网络算法构建了中药网络,计算了中药的点中心度（degree）、中间中心度（betweenness centrality）和接近中心度（closeness centrality）,以及使用凝聚子图CONCOR迭代相关收敛法分析了中药的聚类情况。结果发现丹参、川芎、黄芪、红花、赤芍的点中心度、中间中心度和接近中心度都较高,为治疗心绞痛血瘀证的核心药物。聚类结果显示,中药可聚类为27个子群,其中4个子群（中药组合）在中药新药处方筛选上有一定的应用价值。为了分析处方内部中药可能的配伍关系,作者对子群进行了二级凝聚子群分析,进一步计算了二级子群的密度,并结合中医理论给出了解释。结论：复杂网络算法可以有效辅助治疗心绞痛血瘀证中药组方的研究。     

Abnormal Degree Centrality of Bilateral Putamen and Left Superior Frontal Gyrus in Schizophrenia with Auditory Hallucinations: A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Background:

Dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia has been increasingly emphasized. Recent researches showed that this dysconnectivity might be related to occurrence of auditory hallucination (AH). However, there is still no consistent conclusion. This study aimed to explore intrinsic dysconnectivity pattern of whole-brain functional networks at voxel level in schizophrenic with AH.

Methods:

Auditory hallucinated patients group (n = 42 APG), no hallucinated patients group (n = 42 NPG) and normal controls (n = 84 NCs) were analyzed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The functional connectivity metrics index (degree centrality [DC]) across the entire brain networks was calculated and evaluated among three groups.

Results:

DC decreased in the bilateral putamen and increased in the left superior frontal gyrus in all the patients. However, in APG, the changes of DC were more obvious compared with NPG. Symptomology scores were negatively correlated with the DC of bilateral putamen in all patients. AH score of APG positively correlated with the DC in left superior frontal gyrus but negatively correlated with the DC in bilateral putamen.

Conclusion:

Our findings corroborated that schizophrenia was characterized by functional dysconnectivity, and the abnormal DC in bilateral putamen and left superior frontal gyrus might be crucial in the occurrence of AH.     

'Only connect': the centrality of doctor-patient relationships in primary care

EM Forster's call in A Passage to India to ‘only connect’is a shorthand for the hundreds of ways in which doctor–patientrelationships have been discussed in the literature. As Chew-Grahamstates, in the parallel editorial, this relationship, and thepatient-centred ideology which underpins it, is seen as intrinsicallytherapeutic. The evidence base for such an assumption is wellestablished, most notably in the literature on quality and continuityof care. The centrality of relationship-based primary care There is a strong association between personal continuity, enablementand patient satisfaction.¹ Since personal continuity impliesboth empathy and personal responsibility,^2,3 the studies overallshow a strong correlation between quality relationships andpatient satisfaction. Reviews of     

Intrusive memories of negative events in depression: is the centrality of the event important?

Background and Objectives

Following stressful events, there is evidence that the degree to which the event is perceived as central to one’s identity and forms a reference point for the attribution of meaning to other events (i.e., “centrality of events”) is associated with depression symptoms. However, these findings have primarily come from cross-sectional studies of undergraduate samples, and no past study has investigated whether centrality predicts depression over time. We sought to further examine the role of centrality of negative autobiographical events that were the content of intrusive memories in depression.

Methods

At Time 1, participants (clinically depressed, recovered and never-depressed) were interviewed and completed self-report measures of depression symptoms, intrusive memories and features, centrality, and avoidance. At Time 2 (six months later), depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed.

Results

Unexpectedly, the three groups did not differ on centrality ratings. Centrality was not associated with concurrent depression symptoms and was not predictive of depression at follow-up. However, as expected, centrality ratings were positively correlated with important intrusive memory variables including memory intrusiveness, and rumination.

Limitations

The correlational nature of our design prevents us from establishing the causal direction of the relationships reported.

Conclusions

The degree to which intrusively recalled events are seen as central to identity might not play as important a role in depression as previously expected. Future centrality research needs to take memory frequency/intrusiveness into account before drawing conclusions about the role of this variable in depression.     

Critical appraisal of first-generation renal tumor complexity scoring systems: Creation of a second-generation model of tumor complexity

ObjectiveTo investigate whether a combination of variables from each nephrometry system improves performance. There are 3 first-generation systems that quantify tumor complexity: R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS), preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) classification (PC), and centrality index (CI). Although each has been subjected to validation and comparative analysis, to our knowledge, no work has been done to combine variables from each method to optimize their performance.Patients and methodsScores were assigned to each of 276 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN). Individual components of all 3 systems were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression analysis of surgery type (PN vs. RN) and combined into a “second-generation model.”ResultsIn multivariable analysis, each scoring system was a significant predictor of PN vs. RN (P<0.0001). Of the first-generation systems, CI was most highly correlated with surgery type (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91), followed by RNS (AUC = 0.90) and PC (AUC = 0.88). Each individual component of these scoring systems was also a predictor of surgery type (P<0.0001). In a multivariable model incorporating each component individually, 4 were independent predictors of surgery type (each P<0.005): tumor size (RNS and PC), nearness to the collecting system (RNS), location along the lateral rim (PC), and centrality (CI). A novel model in which these 4 variables were rescaled outperformed each first-generation system (AUC = 0.91).ConclusionsOptimization of first-generation models of renal tumor complexity results in a novel scoring system, which strongly predicts surgery type. This second-generation model should aid comprehension, but future work is still needed to establish the most clinically useful model.     

基于专利信息的脑电图技术成熟度及技术网络分析

以德温特专利索引数据库收录的脑电图技术主题专利数据为研究样本,基于技术成熟度理论,绘制出技术S曲线模型,对脑电图技术的生命周期、发展进程和未来趋势进行了研究。同时通过专利德温特分类代码的共类网络,进行聚类分析和战略坐标分析,揭示了不同技术领域的关联关系和演变趋势。利用专利德温特手工代码的共词网络进行频次和中心性分析,以识别EEG技术的研究布局和热点研究主题。     

2002年吉林省成年人超重肥胖流行特征

目的了解吉林省居民超重、肥胖情况。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样，抽取全省9个地区12个区（县），每个区（县）抽取2个街道（乡）、6个委（村），共调查6572户，有效问卷13564人。经询问调查获得居民个人基本情况，通过体检获得身高、体重、腰围数据。结果2002年吉林省成年人体重指数（BMI，kg／m^2）均值为22．9±3．3，其中男性22．9±3．2，女性22．9±3．4；城市23．3±3．5，农村22．7±3．2。体重超重率25．2％，其中城市29．2％，农村22．9％；男性24．4％，女性25．9％。肥胖率6．6％，其中城市8．7％，农村5．4％；男性5．9％，女性7．3％。腰围均值（79．3±10．0）cm，其中男性（81．5±9．6）cm，女性（77．2±9．7）cm；城市（81．0±10．3）cm，农村（78．4±9．8）cm。向心性肥胖患病率36．4％，其中城市44．2％，农村32．1％；男性34．6％，女性38．3％。结论吉林省成年人有25％为超重和肥胖，已成为一个重要公共卫生问题，应加强超重与肥胖的预防和干预。