Methodological Quality Assessment of Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews of the Relationship Between Periodontal and Systemic Diseases

ObjectivesThe aims of this article are to identify all the published systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) that studied the relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases and to assess their quality using 2 scales (the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire [OQAQ] and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews [AMSTAR] checklist).MethodsFor SRs and MAs to be included, they should have investigated one of the following systemic diseases: pulmonary conditions, cardiac conditions, endocrine conditions, cancer, blood disorders, psychological conditions, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and several other diseases. Two investigators screened MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The tools used to evaluate quality were the AMSTAR scale and OQAQ. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018102208).ResultsThe search strategy found 691 unique articles, 42 of which met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Diabetes mellitus was the most investigated disease (14 out of 42 studies), followed by obesity (11 studies) and cardiovascular diseases (5 studies). A total of 40 reviews reported on the characteristics of included studies, and, as per the AMSTAR scale, 39 reviews had an a priori design. The number of reviews that fulfilled the status of publication criterion was the lowest (7 reviews only), followed by the number used in the assessment of publication bias (11 reviews). The number of high-quality reviews was higher with the OQAQ than with the AMSTAR checklist (33 vs 25 studies), but the AMSTAR showed a higher number of medium-quality reviews than the OQAQ (14 vs 6 studies). Both showed the same number of low-quality reviews.ConclusionsHigh-quality SRs and MAs are crucial to understanding the relationship between systemic and periodontal diseases. Medical practitioners must be able to inform patients about oral health and specific periodontal health concerns.     

近几年中药附子的文献研究

附子作为有毒中药常用于多种疾病的治疗,由于广泛的临床应用和潜在的毒性受到青睐,其中,附子化学成分和药理作用等研究取得了许多实验成果。本文通过检索中国知网、万方、维普等数据库,分析梳理大量文献,对附子结构及药理进行探讨分析,旨在扩大附子使用范围和提高使用频率,为附子实验研究和应用研究提供参考和借鉴。     

安宁疗护对社区临终患者生活质量影响的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析评价安宁疗护对社区临终患者生活质量的影响。方法计算机检索PubMed、CINAHL、ScienceDirect、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、SAGE数据库、中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中安宁疗护对社区临终患者的随机对照试验,由2名研究人员独立筛选文献并提取资料,对符合质量标准的随机对照试验进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7篇文献,包括1095名社区临终患者。Meta分析结果显示,安宁疗护可以改善社区临终患者的总体生活质量(SMD=0.48,95%CI0.07~0.88,P=0.02)和情绪功能(SMD=1.27,95%CI0.59~1.95,P<0.001),在改善生活质量的躯体功能、角色功能、认知功能和社会功能水平上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论安宁疗护能改善社区临终患者的总体生活质量和情绪功能,但对生活质量其他功能的改善情况还需要设计更加规范、多中心、大样本的随机对照试验进一步证实。     

基于糖脂代谢研究筋疽（糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽）湿热毒盛证

[目的]通过现代检验技术研究筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)湿热毒盛证的糖脂代谢指标。[方法]收集136例筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)患者进行不同证型间指标的比较。[结果]湿热毒盛证患者空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPBG)、晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)与其他证型比较存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。湿热毒盛证患者C-反应蛋白(CRP)、人可溶性血管细胞黏附分子1(sVCAM-1)与其他证型组间比较存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。[结论]筋疽(糖尿病足非缺血性坏疽)湿热毒盛证形成的原因与低营养状态下糖脂代谢紊乱引起的高血糖及持续炎症反应相关。     

论当前疾病预防控制体系面临的主要问题

对当前的疾病预防控制体系和机构面临的体系不健全、政府投入不充分、事业发展不平衡、人才缺失和能力不足、缺乏系统的理论指导、体系的碎片化严重、与社会经济发展的战略衔接不力、机构内部内生动力和活力不足以及体系治理能力不足等问题做了讨论分析,以期进一步分析在健康中国战略和事业单位机构改革等宏观环境变化所带来的机遇以及疾控体系的发展策略和具体措施,促进疾病预防控制事业在改革中谋发展。     

Neurocognitive markers of suicidal ideation in patients with anxiety and mood disorders

Abstract

Objective: This study aims at identifying associations between cognitive function and suicidal ideation in the sample of patients with anxiety and mood disorders (AMD).

Methods: In sum, 186 (age = 39?±?12.3 years; 142 [76.3%] females) patients with AMD were enrolled in the study. Assessment included evaluation of socio-demographic information, medication use, anxiety and depression symptoms. Cognitive tests included measures of psychomotor performance and incidental learning using the Digit Symbol Test. Trail Making Tests respectively measured perceptual speed, task-switching and executive control. Additionally, 21 patients completed tests from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery measuring set shifting (Interdimensional/extradimensional set-shift), executive planning (Stockings of Cambridge), and decision making (Cambridge Gamble Task [CGT]).

Results: Almost half (45.0%, n?=?86) of the study sample patients had experienced suicidal ideations. In multivariable regression analysis, suicidal ideation was associated with a greater overall proportion of bet and risk taking on the CGT task (β?=?0.726, p?=?.010 and β?=?0.634, p?=?.019), when controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, medication use, anxiety and depression symptoms.

Conclusions: Outpatients with AMD and suicidal ideation could be distinguished by the presence of cognitive deficits in the executive function domain, particularly in impulse-control and risk taking.     

Recognition and management of phaeochromocytoma

Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours. These tumours may be identified incidentally, as part of a work-up for multiple endocrine neoplasia or following haemodynamic surges during unrelated procedures. Advances in preoperative management and improved management of intraoperative haemodynamic instability have significantly reduced surgical mortality from around 40% to less than 3%. Surgery is the definitive treatment in most cases and laparoscopic resection where possible is associated with improved outcomes. Anaesthetic management of PPGL cases represents a unique haemodynamic challenge both before, during and after tumour resection. In this article we describe the physiology of these tumours, their diagnosis, preoperative optimization methods, intraoperative anaesthetic management and management of postoperative complications.     

心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度现状及其影响因素分析

目的:调查心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:于2018年9月至2019年3月用一般资料、出院准备度量表、出院指导质量量表对139例瓣膜置换术后患者进行调查。结果:心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度总分为(89.51±8.53)分,与出院指导质量呈正相关;多元回归分析显示,主要照顾者、婚姻状况、工作状态、服药种类、出院指导质量为出院准备度影响因素。结论:心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度有待提高,患者感知的个人状态得分不理想;护士应鼓励患者配合进行早期康复,强化出院指导,采取有效措施提供康复信息,满足患者及其家属需求,提高出院准备度。