P1 blood group antigen expression and epidemic hemolytic uremic syndrome

P1 blood group positivity has been postulated as a host factor which may provide protection against the development of post-enteropathic hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). In this study, blood group status in 20 Inuit survivors ofEscherichia coli 0157: H7-associated HUS was compared with age-and sex-matched controls from the same community who had experienced uncomplicated diarrheal illness due to the same pathogen. Of 20 HUS survivors, 6 were P1 antigen positive compared with 8 of the 20 controls (P=0.7). We conclude that P1 antigen positivity was not protective against HUS in this population. Further studies of this condition to clarify the role of host factors in verotoxin-induced endothelial damage are indicated.     

The Effect of Total Blood Exchange with PHP Solution on Cardiac Xenotransplantation

Abstract: Prevention of hyperacute rejection is a difficult and unsolved problem in xenotransplantation. Natural antibodies and complement activation have been known to play an important role in the xenotransplantation between discordant species pairs. In the present study, total blood exchange (TBE) was performed with pyridox-alated-hemoglobin-polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) solution (Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan) before cardiac xenotransplantation in order to remove the immunoglobulins and prolong xenograft survival time. Guinea pigs and rats were used as the discordant species combination for donor and recipient. Two groups were established: Group 1, untreated control (n = 8) and Group 2, TBT with PHP solution (n = 8). The exchange blood transfusion was carried out at the rate of 15–20 ml/h utilizing PHP solution using a blood pump. After the blood exchange was processed, hematocrit (Ht) levels dropped to 4 or 5%, and a cardiac xenotransplantation was performed within 24 h. The levels of serum IgA, IgM, and IgG were decreased to less than 25, 25, and 10% of the base line, respectively, after blood exchange. A mean xenograft survival time in Group 2 was prolonged to 472 ± 74 min and to 10.4 ± 1.8 min in Group 1 (p < 0.01). A titer of the anti-guinea pig lymphocytotoxic antibody in rat serum was decreased to almost nil. The data from this study suggest that total blood exchange with PHP solution may be useful in preoperative removal of xenograft antibodies in xenotransplantation.     

Blood pool ventriculography with a new technetium-labelled complex (99mTc-DEPIC) : a clinical evaluation

A new, single bolus method of in vivo blood pool imaging using a technetium Tc99m phosphine isocyanide complex (DEPIC) which binds to pre-albumin was evaluated in volunteers (n=4) and patients (n=20). DEPIC was assessed for its safety and possible drug interactions. Its duration of action and quality of ventriculography were compared with imaging using standard in vivo red cell labelling (PYP) during two 3-h scanning periods 1 week apart. DEPIC had a mean plasma halflife of 3.3 h. The count rate over the left ventricle was initially 42% higher with DEPIC than with PYP. However, removal of DEPIC by the liver resulted in equivalent count rates by 1 h, and by 3 h PYP count rates were 22% higher than DEPIC. Immediately post injection mean (SD) difference in the left ventricular ejection fraction between the two methods was 2.4% (7.7%). Satisfactory DEPIC scans were obtained up to 2 h post injection, but by 3 h there was a mean difference of 13% (11.3%). DEPIC was found to be a safe alternative to red all labelling for blood pool angiography, suitable for routine work. The single bolus methodology and high initial count rates offer improved efficiency and a capability for truly emergency scanning.     

新生儿窒息后血糖,血气,心肌酶活性测定及其相关因素分析

目的：探讨新生儿窒息后血糖，血气，心肌酶（谷草转氨酶，磷酸肌酸激酶及乳酸氢酶）的变化及其相关性。方法；血糖采用微量血糖仪测定，血气用足跟动脉化毛细血管法，心肌酶采用酶偶联连续监测，相关分析采用多元线性回归法。结果：低血糖８例，高血糖３例；３６例均存在着不同程度的低氧血症和混合性酸中毒；２２例心肌酶活性增高。血糖值与日龄呈负相关，与体温呈正相关，心肌酶活性男性高于女性，各酶之间有一定的相关性，但并非     

Atrial Synchronous Ventricular Pacing with a Single Lead: Reliability of Atrial Sensing During Physical Activities, and Long-term Stability of Atrial Sensing

A VDD pacing system with bipolar single-pass leads, were implanted in 36 consecutive patients (average age 72 ± 2years) with high degree atrioventricular block and normal sinus node function. At implant the atrial signal amplitude was 2.6 ± 0.2mV measured by a pacing system analyser (PSA), 1.8 ± 0.1mV measured peak-to-peak from the telemetered calibrated electrogram, and 1.3 ± 0.1mV measured from the sensing threshold. At one month follow-up the peak-to-peak amplitudes (mV) of the telemetered atrial electrograms were not significantly different measured continuously during resting supine with quiet breathing (1.4 ± 0.1), sitting (1.6 ± 0.2). standing (1.5 ± 0.1), arm swinging (1.4 ± 0.2), hyperventilation (1.3 ± 0.1), Vaisalva manoeuvre (1.4 ± 0.1), and treadmill exercise (1.9 ± 0.6). The telemetered atrial electrogram amplitude and the atrial sensing threshold varied between 1.2 ± 0.09mV and 1.8 ± 0.1mV, and between 0.95 ± 0.07mV and 1.3 ± 0.01mV, respectively at 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up, but the changes were statistically nonsignificant. The Event Summary showed sensing of 98% to 99% of the atrial events at the different follow-up periods.     

冠心病患者血糖与微量元素的相关性研究

为探讨冠心病患者血糖与微量元素的关系，用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了７８例冠心病患者的６种微量元素变化，并与血糖做相关分析．结果冠心病患者高血糖组与正常血糖组相比，血清铁、铅、镉显著增高，锌和铬显著降低，Ｐ＜００５或００１，铜无显著性差异；血糖与血清铁、铅呈显著性正相关，与血清铬、锌呈显著负相关，而与铜、镉相关不显著．表明部分微量元素的不平衡构成对冠心病的危险因子———高血糖的促发作用，调整人群中微量元素的不平衡状态，对减少冠心病及糖尿病的发生可能有利     

Rh血型不合新生儿溶血病检测方法及应用

产前检测Ｒｈ，Ｄ因子及抗人球蛋白（ｃｏｏｍｂｓ）试验是必要的。测定Ｒｈ，Ｄ因子及抗Ｄ滴度使用木瓜酶方法。通过对１１２６１例孕妇常规检查Ｒｈ，Ｄ因子，发现Ｄ阴性７４例。Ｒｈ，Ｄ阴性妇女占６．５‰。２２例Ｒｈ，Ｄ阴性的孕妇所分娩的新生儿均为Ｒｈ，Ｄ阳性。其中２例孕妇血清抗Ｄ滴度为１∶３２，病情严重，宫内输血无效，胎死宫内。初产妇１３例，占５９％。活产２０例，存活率９０％。Ｒｈ因子及抗人球蛋白试验方法简便、易行，一般医院均可进行。对有流产史、输血史的孕妇检查Ｒｈ因子是十分必要的。在有条件的医院，对Ｒｈ，Ｄ阴性的产妇分娩Ｒｈ，Ｄ阳性的新生儿之后，产妇应预防性注射抗Ｄ免疫球蛋白     

A study of the relationship between ambient lead and blood lead among lead battery workers

 Objective: To examine the relationship between ambient lead levels and blood lead levels and to explore the modifiers of the relationship between ambient lead and blood lead. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two lead battery factories. Blood lead level and ambient lead concentration were measured for each participant concurrently. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic characteristics and occupational history. Design: Biological and personal environmental measurements of 219 lead-exposed workers were analyzed by both simple and multiple linear regression. A regression model was selected for interpretation. Results: A high correlation (r=0.62) between ambient lead (PbA) and blood lead (PbB) was observed. In addition, numerous factors, including age, sex, alcohol consumption, personal hygiene practice and type of lead exposure, were also found to influence blood lead levels. Although PbB was highly correlated with PbA, blood lead level may not be effectively lowered by reducing ambient lead level. Based on the regression coefficients, improvement of hygienic practice was more effective at lowering PbB than reducing ambient lead level. Good hygienic practice may be the preferential way to reduce lead exposure in current conditions. Conclusion: Education of correct work practice may be more important than engineering control in the developing countries to lower blood lead levels in lead battery factories. Received: 28 May 1996/Accepted: 30 August 1996     

普鲁卡因-安氟醚静吸复合全麻下硝酸甘油控制性降压对动脉血气的影响

以９例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级、在普鲁卡因－安氟醚静吸复合全麻下择期手术的成人患者为对象，观察了硝酸甘油（ＮＴＧ）控制性降压（ＭＡＰ下降３０％）对动脉血气的影响。结果：与对照组相比，降压期间ＰａＯ２、ＢＥ明显下降，ＰａＣＯ２、Ｐａ－ｅｔＣＯ２明显升高。说明ＮＴＧ控制性降压可给血气带来不良影响。     

血压在前阻力血管中下降最快的原因分析

目的：解释血压在毛细血管前阻力血管中下降最快的原因。方法：利用物理模型简化复杂的心血管系统。结果：全身所有的微、小动脉段“并联”，全身所有的毛细血管段“并联”。结论：微、小动脉段的总流阻最大、使俐血压在微、小动脉中下降最快。