Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion

Serum IgA and IgG functional antibodies and their subclasses to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigen found in two aged‐matched cohorts of children with and without otitis media with effusion The relationship between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME) is uncertain and the aetiology of OME is multifactorial. Otitis media with effusion may be an inflammatory condition; both bacteria and viral infections could play a part in this inflammation. The four bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus and Branhamella catarrhalis cause 60% of the infections whereas S. pneumoniae accounts for up to 35%. IgA provides the dominant surface response to polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antigens, of which IgA₂ is the main subclass. Once the mucosa has been breached, most protection is provided by IgG. IgG₂ acts mainly against bacterial capsular antigens. This study looked at two groups of 50 children with and without OME who were aged between 3 and 10 years. The aims were to determine if, firstly, the levels of the serum immunoglobulins were different in the two groups, secondly whether these children made the appropriate antibody response to the capsular antigen to S. pneumoniae (PCP), and finally if there was a delay in the maturity of the IgA response. The total IgG, IgA and all subclass levels were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Levels of functional IgA and IgG were measured using ELISAs (25 patients in each group). The results were analysed with non‐parametric tests. The immunoglobulin levels were within the normal levels for both groups. There were very good correlations between the IgG total anti‐PCP and the IgG₂ anti‐PCP (R > 0.9, p = 0.001). There was a good correlation between the levels of both IgG total and IgG₂ anti‐PCP against IgA total anti‐PCP in both groups (R > 0.85, p > 0.01). This confirms a normal antibody response between both groups of patients. The ages of the controls and patients (50 samples) were correlated with increasing titres of circulating functional antibodies (P = 0.001). This is highly suggestive of a normal age‐related response. In conclusion, the findings were contradictory to our original hypothesis that there is a subtle difference in surface protection between children with and without OME. We believe that a previous history of recurrent acute otitis media is unrelated to the development of OME after 3 years of age.     

乳腺癌99mTc-MIBI影像与P-糖蛋白表达的相关性

为了探讨活体乳腺恶性肿瘤对99mTc-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)的摄取和肿瘤细胞P-糖蛋白(P-glyco-protein,P-gp)表达间的关系。2003年10月~2005年12月对40例未经治疗的乳腺癌患者进行99mTc-MIBI早期(10min)与延迟(120min)平面显像,计算其外排率(WOR)。显像后1周内进行手术治疗或化疗,术后应用免疫组化方法检测肿瘤标本P-gp表达,结果进行统计学计算。结果:WOR在P-gp阳性者为(12.8±8.2)%,高于P-gp阴性者(1.2±6.2)%,差异有统计学意义,t=3.42,P=0.01;WOR与肿瘤大小成正相关。初步研究结果显示,乳腺恶性肿瘤对99mTc-MIBI的摄取与P-gp表达呈明显负相关,即肿瘤细胞高度表达P-gp时,99mTc-MIBI摄取较低,99mTc-MIBI显像和肿瘤细胞P-gp表达相关性好,可成为体内无创检测肿瘤组织P-gp表达及耐药性的重要手段。     

对传媒类主要学术期刊的比较分析

借助《中文核心期刊要目总览》《中国人文社会科学核心期刊要览》、《中文社会科学引文索引》等权威数据库析出传媒类主要学术期刊，对其类型进行比较分析，以造益于传媒类学术期刊的发展。     

Female patients complaining about hair loss: documentation of defective scalp hair dynamics with contrast-enhanced phototrichogram

BACKGROUND: The complaint of chronic hair loss frequently affects female subjects and there is little or no objective technology available in the general dermatology or even in the hair clinics to guide the observer in the management of the patient. The purpose of this report is to share the results of refined hair growth measurements that were collected in 92 female subjects complaining about hair loss. METHODS: Clinically they were classified as having a patterned hair loss according to Ludwig (L; n=50), diffuse hair loss (D; n=13) or no visible hair loss but complaining of hair shedding (N; n=29). Two scalp sites on the top of the head and one occipital site were investigated after clipping by close-up photography before and after a hair dye (contrast enhancement, CE). Forty-eight hours later a new photograph was taken after CE in view of phototrichogram analysis (CE-PTG). Finally a last hair clip was performed 30 days later and hair thickness and length determined for linear growth measurements (LHGR). RESULTS: Herein we confirm that the top of the head shows usually a higher hair density than occipital sites, a physiological observation that applies both to men and women. From the technological perspective, we also document that CE improves hair detection in all sites. Interestingly, in affected patients (L and D) the relative increase of hair counts after CE was much higher (range +22.4% to +28.3%) compared with apparently unaffected females (N; range +8.2% to +9.7%). This increase in hair counts was only due in part to the presence of less pigmented thinning hair (thickness less than 40 microm). Such thin hairs were found in statistically significantly higher proportions in younger patients with mildly severe (grade I) patterned alopecia (Ludwig: L). In other patients with hair loss and in more severe forms of patterned alopecia - especially in older patients - the thin hair is not detected in abnormal proportions. In all sites slower growth rates and decreased anagen percentages indicate a defective hair replacement programme distinguishing L patterns from diffuse hair loss and from apparently unaffected patients complaining of chronic hair loss. Globally, we also noted that increasing age is associated with significant regression of scalp hair (decreased hair counts, thinner hair and slower LHGR). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the present data together with female data from the literature and our own studies in male subjects, we suggest a three-step mechanism leading to hair loss 1.Shortening of growth phase the hair cycle with maintained thick hair, i.e. more frequent hair cycling that leads to more hair shedding. 2.Intermittent production of short thin hair, i.e. morphological evidence of miniaturisation. 3.Very occasional or almost no hair production, i.e. dormant follicles or irreversible follicular atrophy. Depending on the genetic background, hormonal microenvironment in the scalp and conditioning of individual hair follicle bio-responses, female and male patterned hair loss may end up into different phenotypes.     

急性肢体动脉栓塞26例诊断与治疗

目的 探讨急性肢体动脉栓塞的诊断、治疗与预后。方法回顾性分析2002年5月至2005年7月大连大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的26例急性肢体动脉栓塞病人的病例资料，26例均急诊行动脉切开Fogarty导管取栓并配合药物治疗。结果无死亡病例，26条肢体均获保存，术后肢体变暖，24例病人肢体远端动脉搏动恢复。2例肢体远端动脉搏动未恢复。结论早期诊断、及时动脉切开Fogarty导管取栓，是保存缺血肢体的关键因素。     

网络教育资源构建中Windows Media流媒体技术的应用与研究

Windows Media流媒体由于交互性强、使用方便和效率高，使得在网络教育中的应用逐渐增多。本文讨论了Windows Media流媒体技术在网络教育和资源构建中应用的优势及其在设计、制作、发布、应用等各环节的相关理论和技术细节。     

Measurement of nonlinear property of artery wall using remote cyclic actuation

Purpose For tissue characterization of the arterial wall, we developed a “phased tracking” method to measure the strain (change in wall thickness) and elasticity of the arterial wall. To improve the accuracy of tissue characterization, we are now attempting to measure other mechanical properties in addition to elasticity. Methods In this study, the change in elasticity during the cardiac diastole was measured with ultrasound by generating a change in internal pressure using remote cyclic actuation. Results From the measured change in elasticity during cardiac diastole, the nonlinear property in the stress–strain relationship of the artery wall was estimated. In basic experiments using a silicone rubber tube and in vivo experiments in human carotid arteries. Conclusion The proposal method enables the noninvasive measurement of the nonlinear mechanical property in addition to the elasticity of the arterial wall.     

Oculomotor nerve palsy due to thrombosis of a posterior communicating artery aneurysm following diagnostic angiography

We present a patient who developed a painful third nerve galsy two days after angiography had demonstrated a large aneurysm on the P1 segment of the left posterior cerebral artery. CT at this stage demonstrated extensive thrombus within the previously uncomplicated aneurysm. The haemodynamics of this aneurysm resulted in incomplete clearance of contrast medium from its fundus and we posit that this may have promoted thrombus formation. Six months later the aneurysm was shown angiographically to be completely occluded.     

动脉分支处的红细胞流变学研究与小动脉端侧吻合

为了探讨动脉分支处及小动脉端侧吻合处的血液流动方式，采用微循环电视显微镜成像技术，活体观察大鼠肠系膜微动脉分支区域血液流动方式和红细胞流变行为，研究动脉血流方向的改变对血流方式的影响。实验中观察到，在形态各异的大鼠肠系膜微动脉分支区域血液流态为稳定层流；红细胞通过不规则变形能很好地适应血管腔不同的几何形态，以保持血液流态的稳定。结果表明，微小动脉血流方向的改变未能在分支区域导致湍流发生，小动脉端侧吻合只是人为增加了侧支循环，同样不会导致血流紊乱和增加血栓形成的危险