Analysis of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in patients affected with autosomal dominant hyper-IgM syndrome type 2

Autosomal recessive form of hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (AR-HIGM2) is secondary to mutations affecting both alleles of AICDA gene encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase, characterized by defects of immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) in most of the patients. We herein report the immunological phenotype of seven patients carrying a single heterozygous R190X mutation in AICDA. Variable defect in in vivo CSR inherited as an autosomal dominant (AD) trait strongly suggests that this heterozygous AICDA mutation causes HIGM (AD-HIGM2). In AD-HIGM2 B cells, CSR was consistently found impaired in vitro. However, in contrast to AR-HIGM2, the CSR-induced double-stranded DNA breaks in the switch region of IgM heavy chain gene were detected. The SHM frequency in V regions of IgM heavy chain gene in B cells was normal in all (but one patient). The characteristics of the AD-HIGM2 phenotype indicate that the AID C-terminal region may be involved in DNA repair machinery required for CSR.     

检测HSV等5种病原体抗体的微阵列技术

目的 建立抗原微阵列技术检测多种病原体抗体。方法 将病原体的基因工程抗原，以电脑操纵的机械手将其点在赖氨酸修饰的玻片上．制备抗原微阵列，与血清反应后随之与Cy3标记的二抗反应，用激光共聚焦扫描仪扫描玻片，检测血清中相应病原体的IgG，并进行了灵敏度和重复性的检测。结果 5种抗原的最低检测限度为HSV1-gG 1．56μg／ml，HSV2-gG 3．125μg／ml，CMV-p150 1．56μg／ml，RV-E1E2 3．125μg/ml，MT-EAM 31．26μg／ml；抗原微阵列与ELISA检测的结果相比有较高的符合率；检测IgG和IgM的灵敏度分别为50pg、10pg；不同批次2张玻片间总体变异系数为IgG 6．52，IgM 18．89。结论 抗原微阵列可用于平行检测血液中病原体特异性抗体。     

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus-infected goats can generate human immunodeficiency virus-gp120 cross-reactive antibodies(1)

Lentiviruses display surprisingly disparate clinical manifestations in their specific hosts, share complex genetic structures, and exhibit extensive diversity, particularly in their envelope genes. The envelope protein, gp135, of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) has minimal primary sequence homology to gp120, the envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nevertheless, they bear certain similarities in that they both possess five variable regions, both are heavily glycosylated, and both share short sequence motifs. We establish a further relationship and demonstrate that some goats, infected with CAEV, possess gp135-specific antibodies which cross-react with gp120 from several HIV strains, provided the protein is expressed in insect cells. We show that, although the cross-reactivity of these immunoglobulins depends on the level of glycosylation, nevertheless, some antibodies recognize the protein epitopes on gp120, at least some of which are linear in character. Further characterization of this unexpected cross-reaction will define its potential therapeutic utility.     

驱虫斑鸠菊注射液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨驱虫斑鸠菊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:采用[3H]-TdR掺入法和脾细胞介导羊红细胞定量溶血分光光度法以及迟发型超敏反应试验等观察了驱虫斑鸠菊对小鼠兔疫功能的作用。结果:驱虫斑鸠菊在体内外均可以明显抑制ConA刺激的小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖反应和LPS刺激的小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖反应（P<0.01）;对小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数、绵羊红细胞（SRBC）诱导的正常小鼠脾抗体细胞生成反应以及小鼠皮肤迟发型超敏反应都显示出明显的抑制作用,而且上述抑制作用与药物浓度有一定的剂量效应关系。结论:驱虫斑鸠菊对机体体液免疫、细胞免疫都有明显的抑制作用。     

The instability of membrane markers expressed by human monocytes and macrophages in culture

Surface markers were tested on freshly isolated human monocytes and following their in vitro maturation to macrophages. The markers tested were HLA-DR antigens, receptors for the Fc of IgG and complement as well as membrane markers defined by monoclonal antibodies. The results revealed a dynamic expression of some of the markers on monocytes which was influenced by several variables. The expression of the markers was modulated by the presence of different sera, by treatment with lymphokines and interferon and following the in vitro maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The most unstable marker was found to be the HLA-DR, which was modulated by all these variables. The 63D3 was affected by different sera and culture supernatant, as well as following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages, but not by lymphokines and interferon. One of the markers, the Mac 120, was found to be relatively stable and did not change significantly following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The Fc and complement receptors were also stable in their expression under these conditions, but were probably partially blocked in the presence of human serum. These results indicated that at least some of the heterogeneity related to the monocyte population was probably not due to the occurrence of stable subsets of cells, but rather to reversible changes in marker expression.     

IL-15真核表达质粒的构建及对乙肝疫苗诱导的体液免疫应答的影响

目的 研究两种不同的IL-15真核表达质粒对乙肝蛋白疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响。方法：构建IL-15真核表达质粒(简称pIL-15)和含有IL-12信号肽的IL-15真核表达质粒(简称pIL-2s-15)，CTLL-2细胞增殖实验验证两种质粒真核表达产物的生物学活性。将这两种质粒分别与HBsAg共免疫BALB／C小鼠，用ELISA法检测小鼠血清抗-HBs IgG及IgGl、IgG2a亚类的效价。结果：与HBsAg蛋白疫苗共免疫时，pIL-15可使HBsAg诱导的抗-HBsIgG效价升高，显著高于载体pcDNA3．1与HB—sAg共免疫对照组，pIL-2s-15对HBsAg诱导抗-HBsIgC效价没有明显影响。与HBsAg pcDNA3．1组相比，HBsAg pIL-2s-15组和HBsAg pIL-15组诱生的抗HBsIgG2a亚类均升高，但前者IgG2a／IgG1比值最高，与HBsAg pcDNA3．1组相比差别有显著性；HBsAg pIL-15组IgG2a／IgG1比值与HBsAg pcDNA3．1组相比差别无显著性。结论 pIL-15真核表达质粒可增强蛋白疫苗诱导的体液免疫应答，pIL-2s-15真核表达质粒则主要使免疫应答趋向Th1型。     

广东2003年末SARS患者冠状病毒抗原抗体动态特征分析

目的分析SARS-IgG、SARS-IgM、核壳蛋白-IgG抗体和核壳蛋白抗原的变化特点并探讨其意义。方法采用酶联免疫方法对2003年末至2004年初新发4例SARS病人的系列血清进行上述4项的滴度检测。结果在病人较早期的血清中可以检测到核壳蛋白抗原，随着抗体水平的升高，抗原含量迅速下降。抗体E升下降快，在最高水平维持时间短，并且除第1例外，其余3例的抗体滴度均小于1：100，核壳蛋白抗体变化规律与总的IgG抗体一致，但滴度更低。结论抗体变化规律与前次流行不同，抗体水平变化快，应注意及时采集标本。抗原检测可作为一种实验室诊断依据。核壳蛋白抗体可考虑用于早期诊断。     

抗体包被对红细胞变形性影响的研究

作者对抗体包被的红为性进行研究，发现抗体包被改变了红细胞的变形性，在我们研究的抗体量范围内，抗体量越多，红细胞的变形性越小，作者从血液流变学的角度对上述结果作了讨论，并提出了通过测定其对红细胞变形性的影响来比较准确地标定抗体效价的可能性。     

Antibody response in laying hens with small amounts of antigen

Chicken antibodies offer many advantages over the traditional mammalian ones. A laying hen produces large amounts of yolk antibodies and the use of yolk antibodies eliminates the painful procedure of collecting blood from the animal. Thus, the use of chicken antibodies will reduce both the number of animals required to produce antibodies and also animal distress. Chicken antibodies also have several biochemical advantages compared to mammalian antibodies: they often increase the signal and reduce interference in many assays. However, the species chosen for antibody production have usually been mammals. This is probably due to tradition, but also to limited knowledge about the production of chicken antibodies. We studied the immune response in the chicken using small amounts of mammalian antigen, and show that a good immune response can be obtained with 0.1–1.0 μg of bovine serum albumin.     

Structure, Metabolism, and Functions of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes during Long-Term Persistence of Epstein-Barr Virus

Study of surface architectonics, blast transformation potential, and cytochemical activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from children infected with Epstein-Barr virus revealed imbalance between structural, metabolic, and functional state of lymphocytes. This imbalance persists in delayed period after infection and determines long-term viral persistence in the macroorganism.