注意缺陷多动障碍儿童罗夏测验的反应特征分析

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童在罗夏测验中的表现特征及可能的投射机制。方法:采用国内修订版罗夏测验(Rorschach Inkblot Test,RIT),结合艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对40名ADHD男童和40名对照组儿童进行了测试。结果:ADHD儿童在RIT变量Zf、COP、3r 2/R、Zd、X %、Sum6的得分低于对照组(P<0.05);而在变量AG、Lambda、Sh、X-%、SCZI、DEPI、CDI的得分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组儿童在RIT多个变量和EPQ各分量表之间存在相关。结论:ADHD儿童在RIT中表现出较多的在客体关系、情绪特质、自我功能和认知功能方面的缺陷,说明RIT可投射出ADHD儿童内心世界的一些特点,包括自我意识不良、人际关系不良、攻击性、情绪问题、认知过程和思维能力问题。     

国内六地区饮酒情况及相关问题调查 Ⅲ.四种特殊职业人群饮酒情况及相关问题

目的：描述我国六地区四种特殊职业人群的饮酒情况及与饮酒相关问题发生率，并与普通人群相比较。方法：抽样调查，使用定式问卷及ＤＳＭ－ＩＩ－Ｒ诊断标准向９８００名受试者（１８－６５岁）调查饮酒情况、饮酒相关的社会、心理和躯体问题。结果：男女及总饮酒率分别为８６．２％、４４．１％和７４．１％，年平均饮酒量分别为８．２５、０．５６及６．００升纯酒精。酒依赖的男性、女性和总的时点患病率分别为１０．５４５％、０．１４１％和７．５６１％，急性酒中毒的半年患病率分别为７．９１６％、０．０７１％和５．６６８％。与普通人群相比，四种特殊职业人群的饮酒率、年饮酒量和与饮酒相关的损害均较高。结论：职业环境是影响饮酒的重要因素之一，处于特殊环境的人群是出现酒问题的高危人群。     

Vulvovaginal candidiasis among symptomatic women of childbearing age attended at a Medical Analysis Laboratory in Franceville,Gabon

BackgroundVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common lower genital tract infections in women; this unpleasant and extremely embarrassing pathology is one of the main reasons for gynaecological consultation. In Gabon, the prevalence of VVC remains poorly described even though VVC is known to be the leading gynaecological condition in several countries. This retrospective cross-sectional study sought to assess the prevalence of VVC among symptomatic women in southeastern Gabon.MethodsClinical samples were collected from patients suspected to have VVC during a 2-year period (from January 2016 to December 2017). Gram staining of vaginal smears provided indications of vaginal flora and confirmed the presence of yeast. Sabouraud-chloramphenicol and chromID Candida media were used to isolate yeast, and species identification was performed using morphological tests and the Vitek 2 Compact automated system.ResultsFor the 873 patients included in this study, the prevalence of VVC was 28.52%. Eleven Candida species were identified, with greater representation of Candida albicans (82.73%) than of Non C. albicans candida (NCAC) (17.27%), which were distributed as follows: Candida famata (4.02%), Candida spp. (3.61%), Candida rugosa (3.21%), Candida lipolytica (1.61%), Candida parapsilosis (1.61%), Candida glabrata (1.21%), Candida tropicalis (0.80%), Candida krusei (0.40%), Candida dubliniensis (0.40%), and Candida sphaerica (0.40%).ConclusionThis study offers the first estimation of VVC among Gabonese women in childbearing age with the symptoms. It showed that VVC is very common in Gabon. C. albicans as the most commonly represented species.     

Alcohol and the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception

Psychophysiological detection of deception examinations were conducted on 40 subjects. Of these, 32 were “guilty” of a mock crime and 8 were innocent. Sixteen guilty subjects committed the crime while intoxicated and the remaining 16 committed the crime sober. These two groups of guilty subjects were subdivided such that half of each group was examined with the polygraph while intoxicated and the other half was examined while sober. Two questioning techniques were used in the examination, a Control Question Test and the Guilty Knowledge Test. Measures of skin resistance, heart rate and respiration were recorded. The principal findings were that alcohol intoxication during the crime reduced detectability with detection scores derived from the measurement of skin resistance responses on the Control Question Test and on the Guilty Knowledge Test. The analyses of guilt/innocent classifications, based on the detection scores, showed these classifications to be affected by alcohol intoxication.     

Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT

Symptom validity testing is a major topic in the field of neuropsychological research, but until now, few studies focus on effort testing in children. Three symptom validity tests (SVTs), the Medical Symptom Validity Test, the Test of Memory Malingering, and the Fifteen Item Test plus several standard neuropsychological tests were administered to 73 German-language school children from 6 to 11 years.Participants were either instructed to give full effort or to follow a malingering scenario. It could be demonstrated that, except for one child, all participants with a basic reading level of grade 2 were able to pass all administered SVTs according to established cutoffs for poor effort (i.e., earned a score higher than the cutoff). For the experimental malingerers, however, it was fairly difficult to act according to the scenario throughout the session. While they scored worse in the neuropsychological tests, all but one of them failed at least one SVT. The results support the use of SVTs in childhood age. More elaborate experimental designs and studies with bona-fide patients and suspected malingerers are needed in order to evaluate both the appropriateness of available effort tests and the capabilities of children to fake poor performance.     

Model building on the basis of Dutch cervical cancer screening data

A mass screening programme for cervical cancer is in progress in three pilot regions in The Netherlands. All women living in these regions aged 35-53 are invited to undergo screening at three-year intervals. The MISCAN simulation model was developed for the analysis and optimization of screening programmes. In this paper the model-based approach to evaluation is first outlined and then illustrated by analysing data from the first two screening rounds in the pilot regions. This analysis resulted in a rather restricted range of data-compatible assumptions for the mean duration of preclinical disease (14-19 yr) and the frequency of spontaneous regression of preinvasive lesions (45-65%), as well as a rather wide sensitivity range for the Pap smear (50-90%). These preliminary findings are compared with those of a previous MISCAN analysis of cervical cancer screening in British Columbia. On the basis of an assumed 18-yr duration, 50% regression and 70% sensitivity, a number of screening policies relating to the same age ranges but with different intervals are compared. Both the analysis and the policy comparisons are preliminary, but the findings are nevertheless reasonable and consistent with those of previous studies. A more complete MISCAN-based analysis of the Dutch screening programme and subsequent optimization of screening policies will be possible when further results become available and a cost-effectiveness analysis procedure has been incorporated into the MISCAN programme.     

腰骶部SPR术中脊神经前后根定位的应用解剖

目的：为ＳＰＲ提供可靠的术中脊神经前、后根鉴别的解剖学依据。方法：在２０例成人脊柱标本上,去除后部结构,暴露整个马尾神经,对Ｌ１～Ｓ２节段的前后根进行形态学观察和测量。结果：脊神经后根位于马尾的后半部,前根则位于前半部。脊神经后根较相应的前根粗大,后根从Ｌ１～Ｓ１逐渐增大,以Ｓ１为最粗大;前根则以Ｌ３最粗大。相应前后根出硬脊膜前,有一段相互贴附并紧贴硬脊膜侧壁。结论：在多椎板切除ＳＰＲ术中前、后根的定位及鉴别,暴露时可根据前、后根出硬脊膜前的相互贴附;在限制性椎板切除时则可通过脊髓外侧索和Ｌ１前、后根之间的最下端的齿状韧带加以鉴别     

The categorical and dimensional models of endogenous depression

We calculated a Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) endogenous score for 257 depressed inpatients based on the number of endogenous criteria present. The distribution of RDC endogenous scores was unimodal. There was no association between endogenous scores and results of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, or morbid risk for depression in the patients' first-degree relatives. The morbid risk for a family history of alcoholism tended to decrease with increasing endogenous scores, although a consistent steady decline was not observed. The results suggest that the RDC criteria do not fit either the categorical or dimensional model of endogenous classification. Potential sources of difficulty with the RDC endogenous criteria are discussed.     

Identification of Rhodococcus, Gordona and Dietzia species using carbon source utilization tests (“Biotype-100” strips)

The “Biotype-100” identification system (BioMérieux, La Balme-les-Grottes, France) based on carbon source utilization was evaluated for its ability to discriminate among 10 species of Rhodococcus, 7 species of Gordona and one species of Dietzia. The type strains of three species of Tsukamurella and 8 species of Nocardia were also included in the study. Results were compared with chemotaxonomic and conventional data. Carbon source utilization was shown to be reliable, rapid and easy to use when compared with standard identification methods. The 29 species tested were unambiguously separated by carbon source utilization tests. Rhodococcus equi was found to be heterogenous.Les galeries “Biotype-100” (BioMérieux) ont été utilisées pour différencier 10 espèces du genre Rhodococcus, 7 espèces du genre Gordona et 1 espèce du genre Dietzia entre elles. Les souchestypes de 3 espèces du genre Tsukamurella et 8 espèces du genre Nocardia ont été incluses dans cette étude. Les résultats ont été comparés avec ceux des études chimiotaxonomiques et ceux obtenus avec les galeries d'identification classiques. Les galeries Biotype-100 sont sûres, rapides et faciles à utiliser par rapport aux galeries classiques. Les 29 espèces étudiées ont été identifiées sans aucune difficulté. L'espèce Rhodococcus equi s'est révélée hétérogène.     

New method to identify nociceptor units innervating glabrous skin of the human hand

Summary A new technique is described for detecting nociceptor activity in microelectrode recordings from cutaneous fascicles of the human median nerve. The search strategy involves combined intraneural microstimulation and microneurographic recording in intrafascicular sites, where a critically low electrical stimulus amplitude evokes a threshold sensation of pain. From the subject's projection of pain to a small area of skin, the experimenter is guided to receptive fields of recordable nociceptor units. This technique has allowed, for the first time, to identify and study receptive properties of very high threshold nociceptors with A and C fibres in the glabrous skin of the human hand.