Successful treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema with cimetidine alone

We have studied a 50-year-old white man with chronic urticaria and angioedema who has responded to treatment with cimetidine alone for over 2 yr. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, cimetidine alone was at least as effective as chlorpheniramine in relief of urticaria and angioedema. Additionally, cimetidine significantly inhibited (p less than 0.01) the wheal response to histamine when it was compared to placebo. The inhibition of wheal response to histamine by cimetidine was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than chlorpheniramine. The presence of predominantly H2- rather than H1-histamine receptors in the cutaneous blood vessels may be responsible for the therapeutic effects of cimetidine in this patient.     

眼神经与上颌神经夹角的探讨

目的　比较胎儿和成人的眼神经与上颌神经的夹角 ,为婴幼儿上睑手术局部麻醉的进针提供解剖学依据。方法通过对 1 5例胎儿和 1 5例成人颅骨的眶上孔 (切迹 )、三叉神经压迹、眶下孔之间的连线的长度的测量 ,根据公式计算出眼神经与上颌神经的夹角。结果胎儿左右侧、成人左右侧的夹角分别为 33 .2± 4 .0°、34 .1± 3 .0°、32 .9± 2 .6°、32 .6± 1 .7°。结论成人左右侧无显著差异 ,胎儿左右侧无显著差异 ,成人与胎儿比较左右侧无显著差异 ,因此 ,婴幼儿眶上切迹麻醉可参照成人的操作     

Identification of a voltage- and calcium-dependent non-selective cation channel in cultured adult and fetal human nasal epithelial cells

The apical membranes of cultured human nasal epithelial cells from adults and fetuses were investigated with the patch-clamp technique. Amiloride-insensitive, calcium- and voltage-dependent, non-selective cation channels were found in 4% of the cell-attached, and 18% of the inside-out and outside-out patches (n=412). Multiple functional channels were present in more than 90% of these patches, with a mean of 3.9 channels per patch (n=55). The current-voltage relationship can be described by the Goldman equations and the single channel conductance was 20.1±0.3 pS (n=29) in adult and 20.7±0.4 pS (n=44) in fetal cells in symmetrical 150mM NaCl solutions. The channels were highly selective for cations: P_Na/P_Cl was 30 in adult and 45 in fetal experiments. They were equally permeable for K⁺ and Na⁺, somewhat less for Cs⁺, and impermeable for choline⁺ and tetraethylammonium⁺. The open probability was voltage dependent: it increased approximately 2-fold with 30mV depolarization in the potential range from −60mV to +60mV. The channels were activated by Ca²⁺ concentrations of about 10⁻⁴M at the cytoplasmic side, but were insensitive to extracellular Ca²⁺ and amiloride (10⁻⁴M). The non-selective cation channels found in apical membranes of cultured fetal nasal epithelial cells were not different from the adult ones.     

A female with X‐linked Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a family with inherited central diabetes Insipidus: Case report and review of the literature

There are two forms of diabetes insipidus, central (neurohypophyseal), and nephrogenic, caused by pathogenic variants in the AVP gene and the AVPR2 or AQP2 genes, respectively. We report on a four‐generation family, seven individuals had central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and the female index patient seen from age 16 to 26 years had (mild) nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In her father with CDI, a known pathogenic heterozygous AVP variant c.232_234del p.(Glu78del) was identified, confirming the diagnosis of CDI in him and the other affected family members. In the proband, molecular analysis disclosed a novel heterozygous AVPR2 gene variant, c.962A > T p.(Asn321Ile) and an extremely skewed X‐inactivation, confirming X‐linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (XL‐NDI). Whole exome sequencing showed no further causative mutation. This is the first report on the co‐existence of CDI and NDI in one family. Our review of symptomatic female AVPR2 heterozygotes includes 23 families with at least one affected female (including this study). There were 21 different causative mutations. Mutation types in females did not differ from those in males. Both severe XL‐NDI and mild forms were reported in females. All six females with severe XL‐NDI had complete loss‐of‐function (null) mutations. The remaining 17 female probands had milder XL‐NDI caused by 14 missense variants and three null variants of the AVPR2 gene. X‐inactivation was studied in nine of these females; all showed extreme or slight skewing. The review underlines that XL‐NDI in female AVPR2 heterozygotes is always accompanied by skewed X‐inactivation, emphasizing a need for X‐inactivation studies in these females.     

Androgen insufficiency in women: diagnostic and therapeutic implications

The proposed key symptoms of the female androgen insufficiency syndrome (FAIS) include reduced libido, diminished well being and lowered mood. The diagnosis of FAIS is made on the basis of these symptoms in the setting of a low serum free testosterone level. However, there is currently no readily available inexpensive assay which reliably measures free testosterone levels in the female range. The diagnosis of FAIS is further complicated by the lack of data demonstrating a minimum serum free testosterone level which, if below this, correlates with the symptoms of FAIS. Despite the complexities involved with defining FAIS, the symptoms have been reported to respond well to testosterone replacement. There is a need for formulations of testosterone therapy specifically designed for use in women, along with clear guidelines regarding optimal therapeutic doses and long-term safety data.     

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1): a multifunctional role in the human female reproductive tract

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGFBP-1) is particularly important in human female reproductive physiology, where it is involved with other factors in a complex system which regulates menstrual cycles, puberty, ovulation, decidualization, implantation and fetal growth. This has implications for clinical obstetrics and gynaecology, where there is evidence for a pathophysiological role for IGFBP-1 in pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, polycystic ovarian syndrome and trophoblast and endometrial neoplasms.     

Heterogeneity of brainstem blood flow response to hypoxia in the anesthetized rat

Cerebral blood flow is strictly regulated during hypoxic stress. Because of the preponderant role of the brainstem in cardiorespiratory controls, blood flow response to hypoxia is stronger in this region than in the cortex. However, the brainstem is made up of various regions which differ in their responsiveness to chemical stimuli. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of blood flow during hypoxia using microsphere deposition methods in three brainstem regions containing key structures in cardiorespiratory controls: the nucleus tractus solitarus (NTS), the ventral respiratory groups (VRG) and the pontine respiratory groups (PRG). Microsphere injections were made during normoxia (FIO2=0.21) and after 15 min of hypoxia (FIO2=0.21). Based on this index, blood flow increase during hypoxia was higher in the VRG than in the dorsal part of the brainstem, containing the NTS and the PRG (P=0.002, n=10). These results suggest that blood flow response to hypoxia favours O(2) delivery in brainstem regions involved in respiratory rhythm generation.     

大学生两性交往成长团体辅导活动的设计和实施

目的 探讨两性交往团体辅导对改善大学生心理健康的有效性.方法 运用团体动力学的理论,设计了提高大学生两性交往能力活动的方式方法和实施程序,并进行了具体的实践.采取团体心理辅导的形式,对12名师范大学生进行了为期6周的改善两性交往的训练.结果 大学生在适宜的团体中,开放自己,接纳别人,内化经验,形成新的两性交往理念和交往行为.结论 团体心理辅导是大学生喜爱的活动,对提高大学生两性交往能力方面具有重要的意义和作用.     

大学生抑郁情绪与成人依恋的关系研究

目的 考察大学生的抑郁情绪与成人依恋的关系.方法 采用流调中心用抑郁量表和成人依恋量表,对河南某高校随机抽取的288名大一至大四的学生进行了调查.结果 ①大学生的抑郁情绪在性别与年级的交互作用上差异显著.②大学生成人依恋的不同类型对其抑郁情绪有影响,其中,拒绝型和恐惧型的大学生在抑郁情绪上有显著差异.结论 成人依恋的类型对大学生的抑郁情绪有显著影响.     

Uterotrophic effect of a saturated fatty acid 17-ester of estradiol-17beta administered orally to juvenile rats

In comparison to estradiol-17beta, the naturally synthesized estradiol-17beta-17-fatty acid esters are potent estrogens when administered subcutaneously. A lipophilic character of estradiol-17-esters could partially protect them from metabolic inactivation. In order to compare their relative estrogenic potency when administered orally, the uterotrophic response to different dosages (0, 2.5, 25, 250 and 2500 nmol/kg BW/day) of estradiol-17beta and estradiol-17beta-17-stearate was assessed in juvenile Sprague-Dawley female rats. Estrogens were administered by oral gavage once a day for 6 days. On the 7th day uterus and vagina were dissected, weighed, and examined microscopically. At 2.5 and 25 nmol/kg BW/day, no difference was detected in the uterus weight compared to control animals which received the vehicle alone (corn oil). At 250 nmol/kg BW/day, the uterotrophic response was maximal in estradiol-17beta-17-stearate-treated animals (x2.40-2.70), whereas it was moderate in estradiol-17beta-treated rats (x1.86) at the same dosage. This differential weight gain effect of estradiol-17beta-17-stearate was correlated with typical microscopic changes in uterus and vagina. The results are in favour of a stronger estrogenic effect of orally given lipoidal estrogens compared to estradiol-17beta. This could be explained by a slower but sustained absorption of estradiol-17beta released from estradiol-17beta-17-stearate by esterases and/or by a facilitated transfer of esters in the lymphatic circulation.