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81.
中国烧伤医学50年进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
This paper reflects briefly the main advancements of clinical and scientific research in the field of burn surgery over the past 50 years in China. It ineludes emergency care of massive burns, resuscitation, anti-infection, prevention and treatment of internal organ injury, metabolic and nutritional support, repair of wound and rehabilitation, and special types of burns. The article also covers the researches in pathology, microbiology, immunology, cell biology, molecular biology, and tissue engineering pertaining to burn injury.  相似文献   
82.
目的探讨不同性别和水平成就动机大学新生的人格特征差异。方法采用成就动机问卷以及EPQ-88问卷对382名大一新生进行测查。结果不同水平成就动机的精神质差异不显著,内外倾在中一高组间差异显著,情绪稳定性在三组两两比较差异显著;情绪稳定性是不同水平成就动机的共同预测指标;高水平成就动机与高精神质存在显著的强正相关。结论不同水平成就动机的人格特征存在差异;两性在各自不同水平成就动机的人格特征存在不同差异。  相似文献   
83.
This is a report on the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the academic achievement of children at 6 years of age. In this longitudinal study, women were interviewed at the end of each trimester of pregnancy, at delivery, and at 8, 18, 36, and 72 months postpartum. The women were of lower socioeconomic status, high school-educated, and moderate users of alcohol. The offspring received age-appropriate physical and developmental assessments at each follow-up. Linear regression and nonlinear curve fitting were used to investigate the nature and shape of the relationship between prenatal alcohol exposure and achievement. In addition, the role of child IQ in this relationship was explored. Alcohol exposure during the second trimester predicted deficits in each of the three subtests of the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R): reading, spelling, and arithmetic. The relationship was partially reduced by the addition of IQ to the model, but prenatal alcohol exposure still predicted significant deficits in achievement, even after controlling for IQ. Tests for the shape of the relationship demonstrated that the effect of prenatal exposure on the arithmetic subtest of the WRAT-R was a linear or dose-response relationship. By contrast, the relationships between prenatal alcohol exposure and performance on the spelling and reading subtests of the WRAT-R were better modeled as threshold effects. The thresholds for both were ˜1 drink/day in the second trimester.  相似文献   
84.
医学新成果引发的医学伦理问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
现代医学在将诸多过去认为不可能的事变为现实的同时,也将更多的社会伦理问题摆在人们的面前,从文化对策上就如何正确处理二者的关系进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   
85.
The motive to achieve success (MAS) and motive to avoid failure (MAF) are two different but classical kinds of achievement motivation. Though many functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have explored functional activation in motivation-related conditions, research has been silent as to the brain structures associated with individual differences in achievement motivation, especially with respect to MAS and MAF. In this study, the voxel-based morphometry method was used to uncover focal differences in brain structures related to MAS and MAF measured by the Mehrabian Achieving Tendency Scale in 353 healthy young Chinese adults. The results showed that the brain structures associated with individual differences in MAS and MAF were distinct. MAS was negatively correlated with regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)/orbitofrontal cortex while MAF was negatively correlated with rGMV in the mPFC/subgenual cingulate gyrus. After controlling for mutual influences of MAS and MAF scores, MAS scores were found to be related to rGMV in the mPFC/orbitofrontal cortex and another cluster containing the parahippocampal gyrus and precuneus. These results may predict that compared with MAF, the generation process of MAS may be more complex and rational, thus in the real world, perhaps MAS is more beneficial to personal growth and guaranteeing the quality of task performance.  相似文献   
86.
Seasonal pollen allergies affect approximately 1 in 5 school age children. Clinical research has established that these allergies result in large and consistent decrements in cognitive functioning, problem solving ability and speed, focus and energy. However, compared to air pollution, the impact of pollen and seasonal allergies on achievement in schools has received less attention from economists. Here, I use data on daily pollen counts merged with school district data to assess whether variation in the airborne pollen that induces seasonal allergies is associated with performance on state reading and math assessments. I find substantial and robust effects: A one standard deviation in ambient pollen levels reduces the percent of 3rd graders passing ELA assessments by between 0.2 and 0.3 standard deviations, and math assessments by between about 0.3 and 0.4 standard deviations. I discuss the empirical limitations as well as policy implications of this reduced-form estimate of pollen levels in a community setting.  相似文献   
87.
Quality of life (QOL) impairment is evident in patients with schizophrenia and is increasingly recognised as an important evaluation criterion of treatment outcome. Hence, this study aimed to identify the neurocognitive, clinical and functional parameters associated with subjective QOL in patients with schizophrenia within an Asian context, and specifically in an outpatient setting. This study was conducted on 83 outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, and 47 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. All participants were administered with the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment-Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF) and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), to measure quality of life and cognitive function respectively. Patients were also assessed for severity of psychopathology, as well as level of psychosocial functioning, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) rating scales respectively. Specific psychopathology (greater severity of PANSS negative symptoms, general psychopathology subscale scores), cognitive deficits (working and verbal memories), and lower GAF scores were correlated with poorer QOL in patients. Multivariate analyses revealed that younger age, being single and lower level of psychosocial functioning were associated with poorer QOL but level of psychosocial functioning did not appear to mediate the effects of symptoms and neurocognitive deficits on QOL. Overall, this study highlighted the need for clinicians to pay more attention to these clinical, neurocognitive and functional parameters and their integrative relationships with QOL in order to optimise the treatment outcomes of patients with schizophrenia.  相似文献   
88.
通过对320名毕业护生在校期间学习成绩与参加工作后专业理论水平、技术操作水平、护士长任职情况、发表交流科技论文及专业工作能力综合评价等情况调查。结果表明,护生在校期间的学习质量与参加工作后的业务水平、专业工作能力呈极明显的正相关。这一结果提示,在当前的中等护理教育改革中不可忽视护生必要的基础知识与专业理论知识的教育。改革的关键应根据系统化整体护理的需要调整培养目标,改革的重点是强化教学效果,提高教育质量。  相似文献   
89.
目的 采用内陷联想测验(IAT)对大学生的内隐成就动机进行研究.方法 本文使用测验测试了32名被试,从性别、文理、年级和学历角度研究大学生的内隐成就动机.结果 ①大学生内隐成就动机在性别(t=-0.936,P>0.01)、文理(t=-1.7,P>0.01)上差异不正著;②大学生内隐成就动机在学历(t=-4.617,P<...  相似文献   
90.
高中生成就目标定向、自我效能感和学业成绩之间的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的考察高中生成就目标定向与自我效能感、学业成绩的关系。方法采取问卷法,对534名学生进行测试。结果①成绩回避目标年级差异显著(F=4.403,P<0.05),自我调节学习效能感年级差异显著(F=4.315,P<0.05),成就目标定向和自我效能感其它两维度年级差异不显著;②掌握目标与学业成绩呈极显著正相关(r=0.150),成绩回避目标和学业成绩呈显著负相关(r=-0.156);自我效能感与学业成绩均呈显著正相关(r=0.357);③回归分析表明,自我效能感在成就目标对学业成绩的影响中起着中介作用。结论成就目标定向、自我效能感和学业成绩之间关系密切。  相似文献   
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