Formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide and diglucuronide in isolated rat hepatocytes: Effect of spironolactone

The formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG) and diglucuronide (BDG) was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes with appropriate viability. Isolated cells were obtained from normal rats and from rats pretreated with spironolactone (SP). A fixed number of cells (4.8 × 10⁶) was incubated in a medium containing uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA, 3.4 mM) and bilirubin (11.3 μM, 29 μM, 50 μM and 81-μM) for different time intervals (from 0 to 25 min). The pellet of cells and the supernatant fraction were subjected to alkaline methanolysis, and the proportions of BMG and BDG were estimated by thin-layer chromatography. No conjugates were detected at time O or in the absence of UDPGA in the incubation system. BMG and BDG were detected after 2 min of incubation and then they increased up to 15 min of incubation. Both conjugates were mostly found in the supernatant fraction, and a predominance of BMG was apparent. Normal cells also synthesized increasing amounts of BMG and BDG with the increase of bilirubin substrate concentration up to 50 μM. When hepatocytes from SP-treated rats were used, a more rapid rate of glucuronidation, that was mainly produced at the expense of BMG found in the supernatant fraction, was clear. The results probably indicate that enzymic conversion of BMG to BDG may be rate limiting in isolated hepatocytes although other possible mechanisms were not excluded.     

7～9岁儿童口腔疾病综合干预效果的探讨

目的:通过对滁州市7～9岁儿童集中开展口腔疾病综合干预研究,探索科学高效的干预方法。方法:随机抽取7～9岁12个班级540名学生,用问卷调查的方法研究两种不同的口腔健康教育方式对学生的口腔健康知识知晓率、正确刷牙率的影响。比较第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭三种不同的组织方式,获得单牙封闭时间及3个月、6个月复诊完好保留率的差异。结果:经医生培训教师直接给学生进行口腔健康教育,比医生直接给学生讲授的知晓率和正确的刷牙率分别提高25%和28%。由学校组织以班级为单位,集体到医疗机构进行第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭最高效,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:健康教育方式和组织方式影响口腔疾病综合干预效果。     

全自动化学发光分析仪性能评价

美国雅培公司生产的Abbott i2000SR全自动发光免疫分析仪,具有较高的灵敏度、特异性和稳定性。现以AFP,HCG,CEA为例,对我院使用的Abbott i2000SR全自动发光免疫分析仪的性能给予评价。Abbott i2000SR是一台基于化学发光微粒子免疫分析（CMIA）检测技术的全自动免疫分析系统。在样品检测过程中,已包被捕捉抗体的磁性微粒子与样品在反应杯中混合孵育,样品中的被分析物与微粒子上的捕捉抗体形成免疫复合物;磁性物质将磁性微粒子—免疫复合物吸附在反应杯管壁上,     

2001年国际抗癫痫联盟关于癫痫分类建议的临床应用讨论

【目的】探讨国际抗癫痫联盟（InternationalLeagueAganstEpilepsy,ILAE）2001年癫痫分类建议的临床应用;分析各类癫痫诱发因素,病因、癫痫类型在门诊癫痫病例中的分布。【方法】按ILAF2001年的建议对门诊癫痫病例进行调查分析。【结果】局限性发作1256例,全面性发作442例,继发性癫痫129例,不能分类63例。存在诱发因素者308例,继发性癫痫病因以脑m血、脑梗死及脑肿瘤占多数。【结论】ILAF2001年的建议中增加的内容包括了预防、诊断及治疗等方面,使癫痫分类诊断更完善,对于临床具有重要影响和实际意义。     

全自动酶免分析仪检测HIV拖带阳性解决方法的探讨

【摘要】目的探讨全自动酶免分析仪检测人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）拖带阳性的解决办法。方法收集常规筛查中的HIV抗体强阳性标本4份,分别在不使用外部清洗液和使用外部清洗液的情况下．用TECAN150型4针全自动酶联免疫分析仪做阳性拖带模拟试验,观察增加外部清洗液在消除加样针拖带阳性中的作用及其对酶免试验的影响。结果拖带模拟试验中,以CDS—C清洗液作为系统清洗液时,在不使用外部清洗液的情况下,HIV抗体强阳性标本4例都出现了阳性拖带现象。以CLEANER2000清洗液作为外部清洗液的情况下,HIV抗体均无阳性拖带孔出现,并且在使用CLEANER2000清洗液作为外部清洗液的情况下与无外部清洗液比较．HIV的质控品和对照品的实验结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论CLEANER2000清洗液作为外部冲洗液能够避免全自动酶免分析仪加样中HIV拖带阳性现象的发生,并且对酶免试验结果无显著影响。     

Is the SIOP-2001 Classification of Renal Tumors of Childhood accurate with regard to prognosis? A problem revisited

Introduction

The goal of this study was to analyze morbidity and mortality of Wilms’ tumor based on the revised SIOP-2001 classification.

Material and methods

Sixty-four patients with unilateral Wilms’ tumor, 33 girls (51.5%) and 31 boys (48.5%), aged 1 to 144 months (mean: 42.8 months) were treated between 1993 and 2009. All patients underwent multimodal therapy according to the SIOP protocols. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 18 years (mean: 11.6 years).

Results

Thirty-three patients (51.6%) had intermediate-risk, 6 (9.4%) low-risk and 25 (39%) high-risk tumors. Stage I disease was diagnosed in 28 (43.7%), stage II in 19 (29.7%), stage III in 8 (12.5%) and stage IV in 9 patients (14.1%). Event-free survival (EFS) in the entire group was 78.1% and OS was 92.2%. The EFS in stage IV (44.4%) was significantly lower than in stage I (82.1%, p = 0.04), stage II (89.5%, p = 0.02) and in the entire group (78.1%, p = 0.04). Sixteen complications were observed in 14 children (21.9%); metastases in 7 cases (10.9%), 8 relapses (12.5%) and 5 deaths (7.8%). Blastemal (20/24 – 83.3%) and anaplastic (3/24 – 12.5%) subtypes were responsible for mortality in high-risk tumors (OS – 87.5%), while poorly differentiated epithelial (7/34 – 20.6%) and regressive (8/34 – 23.5%) subtypes decreased OS (94.1%) in the intermediate-risk tumors.

Conclusions

The results of our study show that epithelial and regressive subtypes were responsible for mortality in the intermediate-risk Wilms’ tumors.