Association of Helicobacterpyloriinfection and giardiasis： Results from a study of surrogate markers for fecal exposure among children

AIM: To investigate whether Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, presence of enteroparasites, and other surrogates of fecal exposure. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 121 children consecutively admitted at a pediatric hospital in Salvador, Brazil. H pyloriand HAV infection were identified by the presence of serum antibodies. Stool specimens were examined for the presence of ova and parasites. A structured questionnaire inquiring about sanitary conditions and life style was applied to each subject. RESULTS: Fifty-one of the 121 children (42.1%) were found to be seropositive for H pylori, and 45 (37.2%) for HAV. The seroprevalence of Hpyloriand HAV both increased significantly with age. Cross-tabulation of data showed that 26 (21.5%) were seropositive and 51 (42.1%) were negative for both H py/lriand HAV antibodies (x~2=7.18, OR=2.8, CI 1.30-5.97). The age adjusted OR for an HAV-infected child being H pylori positive was 2.3 (CI 1.02-5.03). The agreement between H pylori and HAV seropositivity was fair (k=0.24). After controlling for possible confounding, the variables remaining independently associated with seropositivity to H pylori were age, presence of Giardia lamblia in feces (OR=3.2, 95%CI, 1.1-9.5) and poor garbage disposal quality (OR=2.4, 95%CI, 1.1-5.1). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that H pylori infection is associated with surrogate markers of fecal exposure. Thus, we conclude that the fecal-oral route is relevant in the transmission of HP among children in an urban setting of a developing country. The association observed between G. lamblia and H pylori infection may have several explanations. Further studies to investigate this relationship are warranted.     

外泌体在胶质瘤诊治中的应用进展北大核心CSCD

外泌体（exosome）是一种由几乎所有活细胞分泌的直径约30—100nm的圆形或杯状囊泡,构成细胞外囊泡（extracellular vesicles）的一部分,广泛存在于人体的各种体液、分泌物及排泄物中,包括血液、脑脊液、尿液、胸腹水等。     

旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄物中46—58kD蛋白的纯化及其在诊断中的…

本研究以常规ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和电洗脱技术相结合，分离纯化旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄物中４６－５８ｋＤ的蛋白组份，并用于Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断旋毛虫病。检测结果；旋毛虫病人血清３４份，阳性３２份，阳性反应率为９４．１２％；正常人血清１００份未发现假阳性；对蛔虫病人，囊虫病人，血吸虫病人及肺吸虫病血清谱无交叉反应出现。     

旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄少中46—58kD蛋白的纯化

评实了以转移于硝酸纤维膜（ＮＣ．ｐａｐｅｒ）的标准蛋白为参照标准（Ｍａｒｋｅｒ）用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ结合电洗脱技术，分离纯化靶蛋白的可行性。用该技术分离并纯化了旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄物（ＴｓＬ１－ＥＳ）中具免疫原性的抗原组份－４６￣５８ｋＤ蛋白，获得近２ｍｇ具有明显免疫反应性的高纯度的靶蛋白组份。为进一步研究该特异性抗原组份的诊断价值和保护性免疫作用提供了先决条件。     

奥司他韦污染日本河水

奥司他韦（达菲）是治疗流感的药物,瑞典于默奥大学环境化学家JerkerFick说,达菲一旦被摄入,80％被转化为羧酸形式排出。它可随排泄物进入浅表水,鸭子及其它水鸟通过饮水吸收药物,科学家担心,如果这些鸟体内存在流感病毒,则病毒会对该药产生耐药。     

排泄物的处理事关人的健康和寿命

文明进步到今天,人类还是把过多的目光集中到如何吃得好和吃得卫生,但却较少关注有利于生命和环境的另一个要素——排泄物的处理。其实,关注这个问题的不仅是公共卫生专业人员,而且涉及经济、文化和政治等专业。早就有人对此问题发表了很多文章和出版了不少的著作,但获得宾夕法尼亚大学国际关系硕士学位的英国女作者罗斯·乔治,却从独特的视角写出了探索这一问题的著作《厕所决定健康》     

夹竹桃天蛾排泄物的抗肿瘤活性及化学成分研究

目的:研究采食长春花叶的夹竹桃天蛾排泄物的抗肿瘤活性及化学成分。方法:采用MTT法测定采食长春花叶的夹竹桃天蛾排泄物的抗肿瘤活性,并采用LC/TOF MS法分析其化学成分。结果:采食长春花叶的夹竹桃天蛾排泄物的乙醇提取物具有抗肿瘤活性,根据精确分子量初步鉴定出22个生物碱成分。结论:采食长春花叶的夹竹桃天蛾排泄物的乙醇提取物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,对各细胞株的细胞毒活性有较大差异。采用LC/TOF MS法分析鉴定其乙醇提取物的化学成分,保留了液相色谱与质谱兼具的微量、快速的优点,结合了前者的高分离效能与后者的准确性及选择性的特点。方法稳定可靠,可为该排泄物的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

人造食品的“猫腻”

猫排便后不喜欢同类或异类看见自己的排泄物。所以喜欢找一些东西来掩盖住它们,这就是所谓“猫腻”的原意。如今,我们用“猫腻”指一些见不得光的暗箱操作。有人说,食品市场是一个相当有智慧的场所。不给明目张胆,那就暗度陈仓;不给短斤缺两,那就加水二两。虽然这只是调侃的话,不过,相信大家对“以次充好”“假冒伪劣”等暗箱操作不会感到陌生。     

Diagnosis and management of colonic injuries following blunt trauma

AIM： To retrospectively evaluate the preoperative diagnostic approaches and management of colonic injuries following blunt abdominal trauma.
METHODS： A total of 82 patients with colonic injuries caused by blunt trauma between January 1992 and December 2005 were enrolled. Data were collected on clinical presentation, investigations, diagnostic methods, associated injuries, and operative management. Colonic injury-related mortality and abdominal complications were analyzed.
RESULTS： Colonic injuries were caused mainly by motor vehicle accidents. Of the 82 patients, 58 （70.3%） had other associated injuries. Laparotomy was performed within 6 h after injury in 69 cases （84.1%）, laparoscopy in 3 because of haemodynamic instability. The most commonly injured site was located in the transverse colon. The mean colon injury scale score was 2.8. The degree of faecal contamination was classified as mild in 18 （22.0%）, moderate in 42 （51.2%）, severe in 14 （17.1%）, and unknown in 8 （9.8%） cases. Sixty-seven patients （81.7%） were treated with primary repair or resection and anastomosis. Faecal stream diversion was performed in 15 cases （18.3%）. The overall mortality rate was 6.1%. The incidence of colonic injuryrelated abdominal complications was 20.7%. The only independent predictor of complications was the degree of peritoneal faecal contamination （P = 0.02）.
CONCLUSION： Colonic injuries following blunt trauma are especially important because of the severity and complexity of associated injuries. A thorough physical examination and a combination of tests can be used to evaluate the indications for laparotomy. One stage management at the time of initial exploration is most often used for colonic injuries.     

Differential diagnosis between functional and organic intestinal disorders： ls there a role for non-invasive tests？

Abdominal pain and bowel habits alterations are common symptoms in the general population. The investigation to differentiate organic from functional bowel disorders represents a considerable burden both for patients and public health service. The selection of patients who should undergo endoscopic and/or radiological procedures is one of the key points of the diagnostic process, which should avoid the abuse of invasive and expensive tests as well as the underestimation of potentially harmful diseases. Over the coming years,clinicians and researchers will be challenged to develop strategies to increase the patient's compliance and to reduce the economic and social costs of the intestinal diseases.