DNA polymorphism at the apolipoprotein B locus is associated with lipoprotein level

A strong association has been uncovered between DNA variation at the apolipoprotein B (apoB) locus (detectable with the restriction endonuclease XbaI) and apoB level. The findings are suggestive of associations also between this DNA polymorphism and total cholesterol as well as fasting triglyceride levels, confirming recent results reported by British workers. The data suggest that lipid/apolipoprotein associations with the XbaI polymorphism are primarily caused by an effect on apoB level. In the present and in a previously reported study we found a strong association between the XbaI polymorphism and the homospecific Ag antigenic variation in low density lipoprotein (LDL) which had previously exhibited associations with lipid levels. The present data indicate that the apoB/lipid associations of the Ag and XbaI polymorphisms may reflect the same phenomenon. The associations reported could reflect variation in an apoB domain close to Ag as well as to the XbaI restriction site that is of importance for lipid binding by apoB. Alternatively, the association of apoB level with the XbaI polymorphism (which reflects a silent third base mutation in a threonine codon) could reflect phenomena related to codon usage.     

Flapping of the dissected intima in a case of traumatic carotid artery dissection in a jackhammer worker

We present the sonographic finding of flapping of the dissected intima inside the carotid artery in a 48‐year‐old man who suffered an acute stroke after vigorous use of a jackhammer. The dissected intima was seen to flap inside the lumen regularly and in synchrony with the vessel's pulse. There was no distal segmental stenosis. The extracranial blood flow velocities were within normal limits and transcranial Doppler examination did not reveal any velocity alteration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009     

股骨颈骨折患者与正常体检者骨矿物质含量的对照观察(英文)

目的:探讨股骨颈骨折与骨质疏松之间的关系。方法:1990/2000从34例髋关节骨折患者中选择20例作为研究对象,选择年龄,性别相匹配的20例正常人群作为对照组,分别测量骨矿含量、尿羟脯氨酸含量。结果:对照组男性、女性骨皮质(BC1、BC2)、骨矿含量、骨密度的差异有显著性(t=5.33,6.47,3.44,1.65,P<0.01),股骨颈骨折男性人群与对照组男性人群骨矿含量比较差异有显著性(t=3.52,P<0.01),股骨颈骨折女性与对照组女性比较骨矿含量,骨密度差异有显著性(t=4.21,3.68,P<0.01)。骨折妇女与对照组尿羟脯氨酸含量差异有显著性(t=5.0,P<0.01),骨折的男女人群之间比较差异有显著性(t=11.1,P<0.01)。结论:股骨颈骨折患者骨矿物含量较正常体检者低。     

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities among Hispanics in Rural North Carolina

OBJECTIVES: Deaths from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) have decreased significantly over the past three decades. Unfortunately, few data have been collected regarding death rates for MVCs in minority populations. The purpose of this study was to compare the death rate of whites versus Hispanics for MVCs in a rural environment. METHODS: This study examined one rural county in North Carolina from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. A retrospective cohort study was performed using the North Carolina State Highway Patrol computerized database of MVCs. Data regarding the total number of MVCs, fatalities, alcohol-related deaths, seatbelt usage, and cause of the collision were analyzed for both whites and Hispanics. Census information regarding population in this region also was obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Census. Data were analyzed using a chi-square test, with an alpha value of 0.05 used to establish statistical significance. RESULTS: During the study period, whites were involved in 2,689 MVCs, compared with 158 MVCs for Hispanics. Whites were involved in ten fatal MVCs, compared with seven fatal MVCs involving Hispanics. The percent of fatal MVCs for whites was 0.3%, or 10 deaths per 2,689 MVCs. In contrast, the percent of fatal MVCs for Hispanics was 4.4%, or 7 deaths per 158 MVCs; odds ratio (OR) = 12.4, 95% CI = 4.7 to 33.1. The 2000 Census Report for Pitt County noted a white population of 81,613 and a Hispanic population of 4,216. Based on these population data, the death rate for MVCs per 100,000 population was 12.3 for whites versus 166.0 for Hispanics, OR = 13.6, 95% CI = 5.2 to 35.6. Although the cause for this disparity was not determined, previous studies suggest that alcohol and decreased seatbelt usage are contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the death rates among Hispanics for rural MVCs were significantly higher than for whites. The causes of this disparity are not clear but are important to define. Only by understanding this disparity can we begin to develop appropriate interventions that may prevent these deaths.     

我院住院药房抗生素应用分析

目的:了解我院5个科室抗生素应用情况。方法:随机抽查我院普外、骨科、妇科、儿科、呼吸内科5个临床科室的住院病例360份,统计每个科抗生素的应用例数,应用天数,平均天数。结果:5个临床科室抗生素应用各有特点。结论:抗菌药物种类繁多,临床应用广泛,应提倡安全、合理、有效地应用。     

The status of the Beck inventories (BDI,BAI) in psychology training and practice: A major shift in clinical acceptance

While the Beck Depression Inventory I and II (hereon BDI) have been a mainstay in mental health assessment for many decades, a cursory review of survey‐based “test use” studies in the 1990s finds that the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was not initially a highly ranked test in the assessment of anxiety or psychopathology. To date, a review of the extant literature on the popularity of the Beck inventories in professional psychology training or practice settings has not been systematically analyzed, although Piotrowski and Gallant (Journal of Instructional Psychology, 36, 2009, 84) found the BAI the most visible anxiety scale in the research literature between 2000 and 2005. Yet, quite evident, the field of clinical assessment remains highly competitive with a proliferation of mental health scales and measures introduced, perennially, in both the professional and research literature. In addition, since the mid‐1990s, regulatory restrictions (i.e., managed care directives) on the feasibility of providing multimethod assessment services has also been a potent headwind in professional practice. Thus, historically, the professional acceptance of the BDI and BAI remains somewhat opaque, in terms of degree of usage in both training and practice settings compared to other assessment instruments. Hence, the aim of the current study is to address this gap in the literature. To that end, the author identified, through an extensive literature review, survey‐based studies with regard to personality assessment that reported on graduate‐level training in psychological testing and test usage patterns from 1989–2017. This systematic search yielded 45 articles (including 1 dissertation study) which served as the data pool for the current review (Training settings, n = 10; Practice settings, n = 35). The analysis found that the BDI has been relied upon to at least a moderate degree in 21 of the 35 (60%) of the surveys of practice settings and in 7 of the 10 (70%) of the studies of academic/internship training. Although the BAI has not been as popular as the BDI historically, this review clearly indicated that since 2010, the BAI has made a pivotal shift toward professional acceptance in practice, generated much enthusiasm in internship training, and been embraced by clinical faculty. Reflecting this emergent popularity of the Beck inventories, the current review indicated that, overall, 10 of the 14 studies (71%) since 2010 reported that both the BDI/BAI have been: (a) recognized and relied upon to a high degree in both assessment training and practice, (b) a valuable clinical tool for mental health clinicians, and (c) considered the instruments of choice amongst the myriad of brief, self‐report measures in the assessment of mood disorders. Potential competing factors, such as other established and newly introduced measures of anxiety and depression (e.g., GAD‐7, PROMIS, PHQ, DASS‐21) that may impact future trends regarding usage of the Beck inventories, were discussed. Furthermore, research efforts should investigate the common factor of negative affectivity reflected in the Beck inventories when differentiating depression and anxiety states in monitoring treatment outcomes.     

更换集尿袋频率与尿路感染发生的关系观察

目的 通过对每天更换集尿袋与否的分组对照观察，评价其对尿路感染发生率的影响。方法 计算观察组与对照组间尿液金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌阳性率及取尿管后尿频尿急症状发生率方面的差异，并行统计学分析。结果 观察组（67例）和对照组（70例）各有2例经尿袋放尿口取样的尿液有金黄色葡萄球菌数〉200／ml（x^2=0．214，P〉0，05）0分别有5例和7例大肠杆菌〉10^5／ml（x^2=0．050，P〉0．05）；其中分别有5例和4例取出导尿管后有尿急、尿频症状（x^2=0．0046，P〉0．05）。观察组与对照组间在尿液金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌阳性率及取尿管后尿频、尿急症状发生率方面差异均无显著性。结论 每天更换集尿袋对留置尿管患者尿液中细菌生长、尿路刺激发生，没有显著的预防意义。     

20%甘露醇的临床新用途

20％甘露醇为脱水剂,过去主要用于控制脑水肿,降低颅内压,治疗青光眼等方面,近年来,临床实践证实,甘露醇除上述作用外,还被广泛地应用于临床其它方面,本文拟对此作一概述。     

乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用分析

目的了解乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用现状及合理性。方法对2010年1～12月335例乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用进行回顾性调查。结果围手术期抗生素使用率为92.24%。围手术期抗生素主要以第一代头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类为主。第一代头孢菌素类使用率最高,为89.76%。二联用药应用率为1.62%,以单用为主。预防用药时机合理率为9.71%,术后用药时间普遍偏长且给药方式不尽合理。结论乳腺科围手术期抗菌药应用存在不合理现象,应建立有效的监督管理机制。