体外冲击波碎石术与输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床效果比较

目的 分析输尿管结石患者采用体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)与输尿管镜钬激光碎石术(URHL)治疗的临床效果。方法 60例输尿管结石患者,采用抽签法分为对照组(21例)和观察组(39例)。对照组采用体外冲击波碎石术治疗,观察组采用输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组治疗总有效率97.44%高于对照组的76.19%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率2.56%低于对照组的19.05%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石疗效优于体外冲击波碎石术,其并发症发生率低,安全性较好,可以在临床上进行推广使用。     

18F-FDG PET/CT features of ureteral metastases from breast cancer: a case report

Breast cancer metastasis to the ureter is rare. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) is widely used to identify primary lesions of metastatic tumours, however, 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging features of ureteral metastasis from breast cancer are rarely reported. Herein, the case of a 46-year-old woman with recurrent left flank pain for 5 months, who was admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Cancer Research Institute, is described. She had undergone right radical mastectomy 5 years previously and had received tamoxifen treatment for 5 years. Assessment by 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed tumours on the ureter presenting as a long segmental lesion, radioactive concentrations, and a low maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), with no radioactive concentrations in the urine and no significant change in the ureteral contour. The severity of the ureteral lesion was not consistent with the severity of hydronephrosis. A tumour biopsy was performed laparoscopically, and postoperative pathological examination confirmed a primary breast cancer tumour. The patient did not consent to treatment and was lost to follow-up.     

腹腔镜和输尿管镜联合治疗15例医源性输尿管狭窄

目的探讨联合镜种技术(腹腔镜+输尿管镜)治疗医源性输尿管狭窄的安全性、可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月-2020年12月在娄底市中心医院用联合镜种技术(腹腔镜+输尿管镜)治疗的15例医源性输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料。其中,男8例,女7例;年龄31～65岁,平均(38.50±7.10)岁;术前病变侧肾脏积水:轻度4例、中度9例、重度2例;肾功能:肌酐(120.33±16.52)μmol/L、尿素氮(13.22±2.12) mmol/L;狭窄段长度0.5～2.5 cm,平均为(1.32±0.30) cm;狭窄部位:上段3例、中段7例、下段5例。结果 15例患者均顺利行腹腔镜联合输尿管镜输尿管狭窄段切除端端吻合术。手术时间(190.64±25.33) min,术后尿管拔除时间(14.50±0.72) d,术后下床活动时间(1.54±0.32) d,术后胃肠功能恢复时间(1.81±0.54) d,手术失血量(119.74±48.22) mL,术后出院时间(7.22±0.80) d (双J管未拔除),双J管拔除时间(70.51±8.11) d。术后随访7～19个月,平均(12.70±5.34)个月,患者病变侧症状消失、肾积水及肾功能改善,无再发输尿管狭窄。结论联合镜种技术(腹腔镜+输尿管镜)治疗医源性输尿管狭窄是安全、可行及有效的;能快速准确地定位狭窄段并完整切除狭窄段,是医源性输尿管狭窄治疗手段的一个重要补充。     

TURP联合肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)联合肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗前列腺增生(BPH)合并膀胱结石的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2009年7月—2013年12月行TURP联合肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗的67例BPH合并膀胱结石患者的临床资料,分析其疗效和不良事件发生情况。结果 67例手术均成功,无大出血、膀胱穿孔及前列腺电切综合征等严重并发症。手术时间35~85(58.7±14.0)min,碎石手术时间5~43(22.6±7.8)min,TURP手术时间25~65(40.3±10.4)min。术后随访5~58(28.3±14.1)个月,无远期并发症。结论 TURP联合肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗BPH合并膀胱结石安全、有效,手术时间短且并发症少,尤其适合基层医院采用。     

Sonography of the Scrotum

In this pictorial essay, we review and discuss the varying morphologic characteristics of scrotal appendages and calculi. Characteristic sonograms obtained from patients with coexisting hydrocele are presented, and recent literature is included. Hydrocele greatly facilitates the imaging of these intrascrotal structures, as it acts as a “water path”. On the one hand, torsion of a scrotal appendage should always be included in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum, especially in children. On the other hand, scrotolithiasis may occasionally cause mild discomfort. As a consequence, and given the widespread use of sonography for the evaluation of both acute and chronic conditions of the scrotum, radiologists should be familiar with these entities.     

The efficacy and safety of ureteral dilation and long-term type ureteral stent for patients with ureteral obstruction

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of ureteral dilation and placement of a long-term ureteral stent for patients with various types of ureteral obstructions.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 39 patients presenting with ureteral obstruction secondary to malignant strictures (n = 9) or nonmalignant strictures (n = 30). The mean age of these patients was 55.8 ± 16.1 years (range, 13–87 years). All patients underwent retrograde ureteral balloon dilation and placement of one to three ureteral stents. Stent patency rate and complications including febrile urinary tract infection, stent encrustation, and stent fragmentation were recorded.ResultsA total of 117 ureteral stents were implanted during the 83 procedures. Three stents were placed in seven patients and two stents in 20 patients. The patency rate was 95.2% with a mean 75-day follow-up. There was no encrustation in 104 stents and Grade 1 in 13 stents. The patency rate was similar between the patients with malignant strictures and those with nonmalignant strictures (100% vs. 94.7%, p = 0.57). However, three episodes of febrile urinary tract infection were noted only in patients with malignant strictures. The improvement of hydronephrosis and complications were also comparable between those patients with ureteral stents indwelling for >90 days and those for <90 days. No stent fragmentation was found in any of the patients.ConclusionWe demonstrated that ureteral dilation and placement of a single or multiple ureteral stents was effective and safe for patients with ureteral obstruction.