体外冲击波碎石治疗单发输尿管结石及疗效预测

目的探讨体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）治疗输尿管结石疗效的影响因素,并建立预测模型。方法2008年1月至2011年2月接受ESWL治疗的输尿管结石患者1116例,随访3个月。用X^2检验或t检验、秩和检验进行单因素分析来研究患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、病程、临床症状和结石特征等因素与疗效的关系,多因素分析采用Logistic逐步回归分析（Forward：LR法）,建立Logistic回归预测模型。结果ESWL单次治疗输尿管结石成功率84．3％（941／1116）。单因素分析发现结石部位、结石长短径及肾绞痛对疗效均有影响。Logistic回归分析则显示结石部位、结石长短径及肾绞痛决定治疗的成功率,预测模型对碎石成功率的解释力良好（X^2=117．434,P〈0．001）,并通过拟合优度检验（X^2=5．261,P=0．729）,预测总体准确率为83．8％。结论结石部位、结石长短径及肾绞痛是ESWL治疗输尿管结石成功率的重要决定因素。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术8例分析

目的观察经脐单孔腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术治疗肾盂癌或输尿管癌的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2011年4～10月在本院入住的肾盂癌或输尿管癌行经脐单孔腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术8例患者的临床资料。术中先行经尿道电切法分离壁内段输尿管。后采用脐周患侧弧形切口,用自制＂两环一套法＂建立单孔腹腔镜通道,行经脐单孔腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术。结果全部手术顺利,手术平均时间（179±18）min,单孔腹腔镜部分平均手术时间（146±17）min,术中平均出血量为（80±51）mL。全部患者术中未输血、无术中并发症发生、无中转开放手术。患者术后72h内排气。3～5d拔除引流管。术后1周拔除导尿管。术后住院天数为8～11d。随访3～9月,均未见肿瘤复发和转移。结论经脐单孔腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术安全可行,美容效果比传统腹腔镜更好。自制＂两环一套法＂建立单孔腹腔镜通道制作简单,操作方便,成本低,能够完成单孔腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术。     

The role of Silodosin as a new medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones: a meta-analysis

To evaluate the efficacy of Silodosin as a medical expulsive therapy of ureteral stones, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CBM up to June 2015. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in which patients were randomized to receive Silodosin versus placebo or other therapies for ureteral stones. Outcome measures assessed were overall stone expulsion rate (primary) and expulsion time, analgesics times, and the incidence of additional treatment and regarding treatment complications (secondary). Two authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Seven RCTs with a total of 1035 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in stone clearance with Silodosin (Silodosin versus placebo, OR?=1.69, 95% CI [1.19–2.40], p?=?0.003; Silodosin versus tamsulosin, OR?=2.82, 95% CI [1.79–4.44], p?相似文献   

经腹腹腔镜治疗输尿管下段结石35例临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜治疗输尿管下段结石的经验。方法输尿管下段嵌顿性结石患者35例,左侧16例,右侧19例,单侧输尿管多发性结石2例,结石最大直径1.3~2.5 cm,平均直径(1.85±0.50)cm,均采用经腹腔途径完成腹腔镜输尿管切开取术,术中留置输尿管支架管及手术部位引流管,其中5例输尿管下段狭窄,取石并切除狭窄段后施行输尿管膀胱再接术。结果35例输尿管下段结石经腹腹腔镜切开取石和5例兼行输尿管膀胱再植术,全部成功,效果满意。手术时间30~130分钟,平均(65.30±28.14)分钟,术中出血量10~150 ml,平均(40.57±26.51)ml,术后住院时间5~10天,平均(6.92±1.15)天。术后引流管拔除时间2~4天,平均(3.80±1.33)天。术中均未见肠管及邻近脏器损伤,术后未发生感染、漏尿,输尿管膀胱再植术者未出现输尿管反流和输尿管下段再狭窄。结论经腹腔入路腹腔镜输尿管下段切开取石术,结石取净率高,创伤小,恢复快。     

经皮肾镜取石术一期治疗上尿路结石合并尿培养阳性的疗效分析

目的 探讨超声引导的经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）一期治疗上尿路结石合并尿培养阳性患者的疗效。方法 选取六安市中医院2014年8月至2017年5月一期行PCNL治疗上尿路结石的患者120例,按术前尿培养结果分组,阳性患者为A组（35例）,阴性患者为B组（85例）,比较两组患者脓肾发生率、手术时间、术后血红蛋白下降值、住院天数、结石清除率和并发症发生率。结果 A组脓肾发生率（20.00%）高于B组（4.71%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者手术时间、术后血红蛋白下降值、住院天数、结石清除率、输血率和系统炎症反应综合征发生率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者均顺利完成手术,均未出现器官损伤、感染性休克、肾动脉栓塞和死亡等严重并发症。结论 超声引导的PCNL一期治疗上尿路结石合并尿培养阳性是有效可行的,但要加强围手术期管理,合理应用有效的抗菌药物。     

Subjective intensity of pain during ultrasonic supragingival calculus removal

OBJECTIVE: To assess subjective intensities of pain during supragingival calculus removal employing ultrasonic scaler tips of two different shapes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients were treated using a piezoelectric ultrasonic device (Sirosonic L) and two different scaler tips representing a conventional (Instrument No. 3) and a slim-line style (Perio Pro Line Instrument SI-11) in a split-mouth design. Pain was recorded during calculus removal at intervals of 0.5 s employing an inter-modal intensity comparison. Additionally, a visual analogue scale was used for evaluation directly after the treatment procedure. Treatment time was recorded to assess the efficiency of calculus removal. RESULTS: Pain assessment during treatment showed that the slim-line scaler tip (median pain score: 1.4 [U], maximum: 3.5 [U], minimum: 0 [U]) caused less pain than the conventional device (median pain score: 7.8 [U], maximum: 14.7 [U], minimum: 0 [U]) (p<0.05). These results could be confirmed by the visual analogue scale. Treatment with the slim-line tip took significantly longer than treatment with the conventional tip (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using slim-line-styled ultrasonic scaler tips for supragingival calculus removal, painful sensations can be reduced compared with conventional ultrasonic devices. Thus, it might be possible to increase the patient's compliance during dental treatment with oscillating instruments.