Remind to move – A novel treatment on hemiplegic arm functions in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A randomized cross-over study

Objective: To investigate the effects of ‘remind to move’ treatment on hemiplegic arm function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Methodology: Twelve students with unilateral CP aged 6–18 were recruited from a special school and randomly assigned into two groups. Participants in the experimental group underwent a 3-week sensory cueing treatment followed by a 3-week sham treatment. Participants in the waitlist group completed the sham treatment first followed by the sensory-cueing treatment. There was a 4-week washout period between treatments. Results: Both functional hand use and arm impairment level significantxly improved after the 3-week sensory cueing treatment for the combined sample between groups. However, no significant carryover effects were found for either treatment. Conclusion: Three weeks of ‘remind to move’ treatment is useful in improving hemiplegic arm function and quantity of hand use in children with unilateral CP but the long-term carryover effect requires further investigation.     

Philtrum reconstruction in unilateral cleft lip repair

The philtrum is an important aesthetic structure in the midface. A number of philtrum reconstruction techniques have been advocated for secondary cleft lip revision procedures. Conventional surgical management involves end-to-end orbicularis oris muscle approximation during primary cleft lip repair, often resulting in a flat lip appearance that requires secondary revision surgery at a later stage. A novel modification of the approximation of the orbicularis oris muscle is described that may be implemented with any cleft lip technique in order to create an accentuated philtrum column for a natural looking philtrum. The muscle roll technique results in eversion of the orbicularis oris muscle, successfully recapturing the philtrum column topography. This is achieved by utilizing two inverted horizontal sutures, with an additional philtrum takedown suture placed in the region of the dimple to accentuate the philtrum anatomy and three-dimensional profile. This novel technique in unilateral cleft lip repair addresses philtrum architecture during primary surgery, which may reduce the requirement for secondary surgical intervention. Its application may be particularly suitable in outreach programmes where postoperative follow-up may be compromised.     

Sinonasal organising haematoma – a little known entity

IntroductionSinonasal organising haematoma is a recently described, rare, benign inflammatory condition, which closely resembles malignancy in its clinical presentation.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features of organising haematoma and to review the evolution of surgical options successfully used.MethodsA retrospective review of charts of all patients with a histopathological diagnosis of sinonasal organising haematoma was performed.ResultsSix (60%) of the 10 patients were male with a mean age of 47.4 years. All patients had unilateral disease with recurrent epistaxis as the presenting symptom. Maxillary sinus was the most commonly involved sinus. There was no history of trauma in any of the patients. Hypertension (80%) was the most commonly associated comorbidity. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the paranasal sinuses showed heterogeneous sinus opacification with/without bone erosion. Histopathological examination was diagnostic. Complete endoscopic excision was done in all patients resulting in resolution of the disease.ConclusionAwareness of this relatively new clinical entity and its evaluation and treatment is important for otolaryngologists, maxillofacial surgeons and pathologists alike. Despite the clinical picture of malignancy, histopathological features of benign disease can safely dispel such a diagnosis.     

早期康复训练联合行为学疗法治疗老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果分析

目的：探讨早期康复训练联合行为学疗法治疗老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果。方法依据随机数字表将75例老年脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为对照组（38例）和观察组（37例）,两组均给予早期康复训练,仅观察组在此基础上加用行为学疗法;分析治疗前和治疗3、6个月后的步态能力（功能性运动量表 FAC）,下肢运动功能和平衡功能（简式 Fugl-Meyer 运动功能评定量表FMA）,步行相关指标（步速和跨步长度）,日常生活活动能力（Barthel 指数）及偏侧空间忽略情况（直线二等分、线段划消及画钟试验）。结果观察组治疗3 个月后的 FMA 评分中的运动功能、Barthel 指数均优于对照组（P ＜0．05）,且治疗 6个月后的FAC 评分、FMA 评分、步行相关指标、Barthel 指数及偏侧空间忽略情况均优于对照组（P ＜0．05）。结论早期康复训练联合行为学疗法治疗老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果较好,不仅可改善偏瘫步态和下肢功能,而且可改善偏侧空间忽略,可在脑卒中偏瘫患者患侧功能训练中实施。     

Unilateral cardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by acute mitral valve prolapse: A case report

Rationale:Unilateral cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a rare disease. A common cause is mitral valve and asymmetrical blood regurgitation that is primarily directed toward the upper right pulmonary vein, causing mean capillary pressure to increase on the right side and leading to right pulmonary edema.Patient concerns:A 41-year-old man was diagnosed with pneumonia after presenting with a 2-day history of cough and shortness of breath. Computed tomography indicated right pulmonary edema. He was managed with noninvasive ventilation; however, his condition continued to deteriorate, and he was transferred to the intensive care unit after tracheal intubation.Diagnosis:Acute posterior mitral valve prolapses; unilateral cardiogenic pulmonary edema.Intervention:Emergency mitral valve replacement was performed. During the operation, 2 ruptures of the chordae tendineae in the P2 scallop of the posterior mitral valve were found, and a No. 29 St. Jude mechanical mitral valve was implanted.Outcomes:Cardiotonic and diuretic drugs were administered postoperatively. Tracheal intubation was removed on day 7; the patient was transferred to the general ward on day 11 and discharged on day 23 postoperatively.Lessons:Unilateral cardiogenic pulmonary edema is easily misdiagnosed. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging presentation, brain natriuretic peptide, and cardiac color Doppler ultrasound can assist in determining a differential diagnosis. Early surgical treatment is recommended for patients with acute mitral valve prolapse.     

轻比重布比卡因单侧腰部麻醉在老年单侧腹股沟疝手术中的研究

目的 探讨轻比重布比卡因单侧腰部麻醉(简称腰麻)在老年单侧腹股沟疝手术中的临床研究.方法 选择40例择期行单侧腹股沟疝手术的老年患者,分为2组,对照组(Ⅰ组)为常规双侧腰麻,试验组(Ⅱ组)为单侧腰麻,记录2组给药前后各时段血压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度、起效时间、麻醉平面维持时间,术中低血压、心动过缓,术后不良反应情况,分剐评定麻醉效果.结果 2组患者麻醉效果满意,均顺利完成手术,但Ⅰ组低血压、心动过缓发生例数明显多于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05);2组患者麻醉前、牵拉疝囊时血压心率变化(牵拉反应)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);麻醉平面固定后Ⅰ组平均动脉血压、心率变化与Ⅱ组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅰ组术后恶心呕吐和尿潴留的发生率要高于Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).结论 轻比重布比卡因单侧腰麻应用于老年腹股沟疝手术,麻醉药用量小、效果好、并发症少,对生命体征影响小.     

Monitoring recovery from diaphragm paralysis with ultrasound

BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic paralysis is an uncommon, yet underdiagnosed cause of dyspnea. Data regarding the time course and potential for recovery has come from a few small case series. The methods that have been traditionally employed to diagnose diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis are either invasive or limited in sensitivity and specificity. A new technique utilizing two-dimensional, B-mode ultrasound (US) measurements of diaphragm muscle thickening during inspiration (Deltatdi%) has been validated in the diagnosis of diaphragm paralysis (DP). The purpose of this study was to assess whether serial US evaluation might be utilized to monitor the potential recovery of diaphragm function. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with clinically suspected DP were referred to the pulmonary physiology laboratory. Sixteen patients were found to have DP by US (unilateral, 10 patients; bilateral, 6 patients). Subjects were followed up for up to 60 months. On initial and subsequent visits, Deltatdi% was measured by US. Additional measurements included upright and supine vital capacity (VC), maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), and maximal expiratory pressure. RESULTS: Eleven of 16 patients functionally recovered from DP. The mean (+/- SD) recovery time was 14.9 +/- 6.1 months. No diaphragm thickening was noted in those patients who did not recover. Positive correlations were found between improvement in Deltatdi% and interval changes in VC, Pimax, and end-expiratory measurements of diaphragm thickness. CONCLUSIONS: US may be used to assess for potential functional recovery from diaphragm weakness or DP. As in previous series, recovery occurs in a substantial number of individuals, but recovery time may be prolonged.     

左侧空间忽略患者关联性注意捕捉效应的研究

目的:探讨脑损伤后致左侧空间忽略患者的注意捕捉效应。方法:本研究对右侧大脑半球损伤伴左侧忽略的患者及健康被试各20例,分别进行神经心理学背景测试及关联性注意捕捉效应测试,观察左侧空间忽略患者与健康被试之间注意捕捉效应的差异,分析影响关联性注意捕捉效应强度的因素。结果:①与健康对照组相比,左侧空间忽略组的数字捕捉正确率明显降低(P<0.01)。②健康对照组:无论干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色是否一致,左侧视野出现干扰刺激时的数字捕捉正确率均明显低于右侧视野出现干扰刺激时(P<0.01);无论干扰刺激在目标刺激的左侧或右侧,当干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色一致时,数字捕捉正确率低于干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色不一致时(P<0.01,0.05)。③左侧空间忽略组:无论干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色是否一致,右侧视野出现干扰刺激时的数字捕捉正确率均低于左侧视野出现干扰刺激时(P<0.05);左侧视野出现的干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色一致或不一致时,对数字捕捉正确率的影响差异无统计学意义,而右侧视野出现的干扰刺激颜色与目标刺激颜色一致时,数字捕捉正确率低于颜色不一致时(P<0.05)。结论:左侧空间忽略患者的注意功能下降,但无论对于健康受试者或者左侧空间忽略患者,符合目标刺激颜色特征的干扰刺激均能够增强非随意性地注意捕捉效应。     

Effects of modifying the electrode placement and pulse width on cognitive side effects with unilateral ECT: A pilot randomised controlled study with computational modelling

BackgroundThe electrode placement and pulse width for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are important treatment parameters associated with ECT related retrograde memory side-effects. Modification of these parameters with right unilateral (RUL) ECT may have utility for further reducing these side-effects.ObjectiveThis study explored use of the frontoparietal (FP) placement for reducing retrograde memory side effects with ECT. We hypothesised that superior retrograde memory outcomes would occur with FP compared to temporoparietal (TP) placement and with ultrabrief (UB: 0.3 ms) compared to brief pulse (BP: 1.0 ms) width ECT.MethodsIn this randomised cross-over, double-blinded study, participants received a single treatment of BP TP, BP FP, UB TP and UB FP ECT. Neuropsychological testing was conducted prior to and immediately following each treatment. Computational modelling was conducted to explore associations between E-fields in regions-of-interest associated with memory.ResultsNine participants completed the study. The FP placement was not superior to TP for retrograde memory outcomes. For both electrode placements UB pulse width was associated with significantly better visual retrograde memory compared to BP (p < .05). With TP ECT, higher E-fields in regions-of-interest were significantly associated with greater visual retrograde memory side-effects (hippocampi: r = −0.77, p = .04; inferior frontal gyri: r = −0.92, p < .01; middle frontal gyri: r = −0.84, p = .02).ConclusionsModification of pulse-width had greater effects than electrode placement for reducing retrograde memory side-effects with RUL ECT. Preliminary findings suggested that higher E-fields may be associated with greater cognitive side-effects with ECT.     

McNamara分析法评价改良鼻牙槽骨矫形术对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者替牙列期颌骨发育的影响

目的初步探讨改良鼻牙槽矫形术对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者替牙列期颌骨发育的影响。方法选择56名单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,依据其在唇腭裂修复手术前是否进行过改良鼻牙槽骨矫形术分为矫治组与对照组,矫治组26人,对照组30人。选用McNamara头影测量分析法评价改良鼻牙槽骨矫形治疗对于单侧完全性唇腭裂患者替牙列中期的颌骨发育的影响。结果矫治组中,上颌突度(A-NP)、SNA、ANB值明显高于对照组,上下颌长度差值(MXMD-DF)小于对照组,差异有统计学意义。其余测量值两组未显示出明显差异。结论经过改良鼻牙槽骨矫形治疗的单侧唇腭裂患者,其替牙列期的上颌骨具有更好的矢状向生长量,而对于下颌骨生长和(牙合)关系没有显著影响。