Collagenous colitis: A disease of pericryptal fibroblast sheath?

Mucosal biopsies from four women with collagenous colitis and ten controls were studied. By light microscopy the cells of the pericryptal fibroblast sheath appeared diminished in number but increased in size in collagenous colitis. Electron optically in the controls the pericryptal fibroblasts were in intimate contact with the epithelial basal lamina in the crypts. On the free surface the fibroblasts maintained contact with the epithelial cells by attenuated cell processes. In collagenous colitis, in the middle and upper thirds of the crypts the fibroblasts sheath was separated from the epithelium and the fibroblasts assumed the characteristics of myofibroblasts. The separation was accentuated towards the mouths of the crypts. Beneath the surface epithelium the attenuated fibroblast cell processes seen in normal colon were grossly deficient. The basal lamina was also deficient focally and the surface epithelial cells were resting directly on a thickened collagen table. In collagenous colitis the excess collagen appeared to be secreted by the activated myofibroblasts of the pericryptal sheath.     

Use of post-mortem human synaptosomes for studies of metabolism and transmitter amino acid release

Synaptosomes have been prepared from human brain obtained at autopsies carried out up to 24 h postmortem (p.m.). They showed generally good retention of morphology, as well as accumulation of tissue potassium and linear rates of oxygen uptake. In response to veratrine depolarization they showed increased respiration rate, decreased tissue potassium content and the specific release of transmitter amino acids. Regression analysis indicated that metabolically and functionally active preparations may be obtained up to ca. 25 h p.m. Preparations obtained from patients dying with brain injury were inactive.     

Malignant Melanoma of Soft Parts Involving the Head and Neck Region: Review of Literature and Case Report

Malignant melanoma of soft parts (MMSP) was originally described as a distinct entity by Enzinger in 1965 and was termed “clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses” because of its association with tenosynovial structures. It has been shown immunophenotypically and ultrastructurally that this tumor is derived from neuroectoderm and shares a number of features with cutaneous melanoma. Over 95% of MMSPs present in the extremities, with the head and neck region (1.9%) being an unusual site. This study presents an additional case of MMSP of the head and neck region involving the posterior cervical region in a 15-year-old Hispanic male and reviews the literature on MMSP. Ultrastructural examination showed rudimentary cell attachments, smooth cell membranes, discontinuous basal lamina, scanty glycogen, and occasional premelanosomes in some tumor cells. Cytogenetic analysis showed a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 12 and 22 [t(12:22)(q13;q12.2)], characteristic for MMSP and not seen in cutaneous melanoma. Survival in MMSP has been correlated with tumor size, tumor necrosis, and ploidy status. Overall reported clinical outcome for this tumor is as follows: died of disease, 45%; alive with disease, 23%; no evidence of disease, 30%; and died of other causes, 2%. MMSP represents a distinct entity with a characteristic ultrastructural appearance and a tumor defining cytogenetic translocation.     

人表皮郎格罕细胞Birbeck颗粒的超微结构观察

本文对正常人表皮郎格罕细胞MBirbeck颗粒(LG)怍了超微结构观察。计数十个细胞中146个LG的各种切面形态和出现频率,结果为:杆状占53.4％,球拍状占8.2％,泡状占7.5％,弧状占15％,环状占11％,同号状占4.8％六种。LG长约100-500nm,杆部宽为40-50nm,泡直径为70-350nm,环状的环厚为25-50am。本结果提示LG的本体结构除扁盘状和扁盘泡状外,还可能存在扁盘杯状的立体模式。     

Neoplastic and non-neoplasti mediate trophoblasts: An immunohistochemical an structural study

Five cases of non-molar trophoblastic disease including one placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), two exaggerated placental sites and two choriocarcinomas were compared with each other and with normal chorionic villi and placental site. This involved light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Comparison of PSTT with choriocarcinoma suggested that the former represented a neoplastic transformation of placental site intermediate trophoblast. The PSTT showed a characteristic immunohistochemical distribution of human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin, resembling that of the placental site intermediate trophoblast. Placental site trophoblastic tumor cells were also characterized ultrastructurally by prominent perinuclear filaments, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, or both. Infiltrating intermediate trophoblasts in exaggerated placental sites were similar to PSTT cells rather than normal placental site intermediate trophoblasts. However cells with vacuolated cytoplasm or spindle-shaped intermediate trophoblastic ceils were observed more frequently in the PSTT than the exaggerated placental sites. The intermediate trophoblastic cells in the choriocarcinomas showed a morphologically transitional form from cytotrophoblastic cell to syncytiotrophoblastic cell, but did not share unique ultra-structural similarities with placental site intermediate trophoblasts.     

人胚胎海马发育的形态学研究 Ⅴ.室管膜的发生

运用HE和Nissl染色、免疫组织化学法、透射电镜及扫描电镜，对60例6周至足月的人胚胎海马室管膜上皮变化进行了观察。发现胚胎发育过程中室管膜发生了剧烈变化。最早室管层神经上皮细胞为假复层柱状，随着未分化细胞向外迁徙，海马室管膜层神经上皮细胞迅速增殖，形成复层上皮。当室管膜层细胞停止迁徙时，室管膜开始向假复层柱状及单层柱状上皮转变。电镜观察，胚胎早期神经上皮细胞由未分化细胞构成；其特点是，细胞质内各种特化细胞器匮乏，但糖原丰富。15周左右未分化细胞开始向长突细胞及室管膜细胞分化。长突细胞电子密度高，底部有细长突起，表面有微绒毛，胞质内微丝丰富；而室管膜细胞电子密度低，底部无突起，但表面有丰富的纤毛。对长突细胞及免疫组化染色的GFAP阳性细胞进行形态和发育特征的比较，提示两者属同一类细胞。扫描电镜下，15周前室管膜表面微绒毛较多，以后纤毛逐步发育，大量密集纤毛布满于室管膜表面。此外，还能见到一类接触脑脊液神经元，这类神经元可为多极或双极，并有突起伸入室管膜上皮内。     

膨胀型肝癌光镜,电镜和免疫组化观察

对３０例膨胀型肝癌和２０例浸润型肝癌作病理组织学分析，并对２０例膨胀型和浸润型肝癌进行超微结构和免疫组化研究。结果显示，膨胀型肝癌的生物学特性和浸润型肝癌显著不同。膨胀型肝癌癌组织分化较好、侵袭性较小、增殖程度较低、癌巢周围基膜发育良好、瘤结节周围均有包膜而呈膨胀性生长，但包膜内浸润的微癌灶十分常见，多达７０％。提示此型有潜在的较强侵袭性和向浸润型肝癌转化的倾向。     

Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and mature spermatozoon of Skrjabinoporus merops (Cyclophyllidea, Metadilepididae)

The ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon and the spermiogenesis of a cestode belonging to the family Metadilepididae is described for the first time. The mature spermatozoon of Skrjabinoporus merops is characterized by twisted peripheral microtubules, the presence of a single crested body, periaxonemal sheath and electron-dense rods, and the absence of intracytoplasmic walls and inclusions (glycogen or proteinaceous granules); no peripheral microtubules where nucleus contacts the external plasma membrane. Four morphologically distinct regions of the mature spermatozoon are differentiated. The proximal part (Region I) contains a single crested body, periaxonemal sheath is absent in some (proximal) sections and is present in others situated closer to the nucleus. The central Region II is nucleated, and is followed by Region III that contains a periaxonemal sheath. The distal pole, Region IV, is characterized by disintegration of the axoneme. Spermiogenesis follows the type III pattern (Ba and Marchand 1995) although in S. merops a slight flagellar rotation is observed. The differentiation zone is characterized by the absence of striated roots and intercentriolar body; two centrioles are present, one of which gives rise to a free flagellum. The latter rotates and undergoes proximodistal fusion with the cytoplasmic protrusion of the differentiation zone. Spermiological characters of S. merops are similar to those of the families Taeniidae and Catenotaeniidae. The mature spermatozoon differs from those of the Dilepididae (where the metadilepidid species have previously been classified) by the lack of glycogen.     

乳腺癌ER,PR状态与细胞超微结构变化的形态定量分析

用免疫组化ＰＡＰ法检测３０例乳腺癌雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕激素受体（ＰＲ），从中选取ＥＲ、ＰＲ阳性者（Ｅ＾＋Ｐ＾＋）６例，阴性者（Ｅ＾－Ｐ＾－）５例作透射电镜观察，对部分细胞器连接的变化进行形态定量分析。结果Ｅ＾－Ｐ＾－组癌细胞内线粒体、粗面内质网及溶酶体的含量明显高于Ｅ＾＋Ｐ＾＋组，且差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１，０．０１）；Ｅ＾－Ｐ＾－组细胞间的桥粒及镶嵌连接有减少趋势，但差异无显著性     

大鼠中缝大核突触囊泡在电针后的变化及其图象分析

应用透射电镜和图象分析方法,对电针后大鼠中缝大核突触前终扣内突触囊泡的数量以及突触前终扣内容物的量的变化进行了研究。结果表明:电针后,中缝大核突触前终扣内圆形清亮囊泡和颗粒囊泡的数量明显减少,突触囊泡聚集并向突触活性带集中。图象分析结果:电针后,突触前终扣内容物的量较对照组明显减少,而且内容物分布不均匀并在突触膜附近集中。本实验为针刺镇痛的理论研究提供了形态学依据。