A comparison of the erosive susceptibility of cuspal and cervical enamel using an ultrasonic technique

The aim of this study was to compare the erosive susceptibility of cuspal and cervical enamel from human premolar and molar teeth. Small blocks of cervical and cuspal enamel were immersed in either orange juice or Coca-Cola at 37 degrees C and the surface enamel loss was measured by surfometry at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h. Additionally, once-hourly enamel loss was measured, specimens were placed in an ultrasonic bath containing water and ultrasonicated for 5 s to determine the degree of surface demineralization. A further set of enamel specimens were prepared that had 100 microm of the enamel surface removed. This was done to remove the hypermineralized surface enamel layer. Surface enamel loss in orange juice at 4 h, following ultrasonication, ranged from 13.2 to 16.9 microm. The surface enamel loss in Coca-Cola at 4 h, following ultrasonication, ranged from 21.7 to 27.5 microm. Subsurface enamel loss in orange juice at 4 h, following ultrasonication, ranged from 10.7 to 16.1 microm. The subsurface enamel loss in Coca-Cola for 4 h, following ultrasonication, ranged from 36.8 to 37.2 microm. Overall, little difference was found in the erosive susceptibility of cervical and cuspal enamel to the effects of orange juice or Coca-Cola.     

Pain during prophylaxis treatment elicited by two power-driven instruments

BACKGROUND: Sonic scalers have an elliptical and piezoceramic ultrasonic scalers a linear oscillation pattern. Thus, a sonic scaler "hammers" the tooth surface, irrespective of its alignment to the tooth, whereas a piezoceramic ultrasonic scaler may oscillate parallel to the tooth surface and gently remove calculus if the alignment is correct. The aim of this study was to measure pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) during removal of supragingival calculus on mandibular incisors with a sonic or an ultrasonic scaler. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-four periodontally healthy subjects with supragingival calculus on the mandibular incisors were treated with both a sonic and a piezoceramic ultrasonic scaler in a split-mouth design. The sequence of instrument application and allocation of instruments to jaw side were randomized. Patient comfort was assessed with a VAS after treatment. RESULTS: The VAS results did not show any difference between the two instrumentation modalities. CONCLUSION: For calculus removal during prophylaxis the type of power-driven instrument does not seem to have an impact on perceived pain. This means that the oscillation pattern does not influence the pain experience.     

根管超声冲洗效果的组织学研究

目的 :用组织学方法评价根管超声冲洗的效果。方法 :选择直单根管前磨牙 40个 ,随机分为超声冲洗组 (U组 )和注射器冲洗组 (S组 )。用逐步后退法预备根管后 ,两组用不同的技术均用 40mL 2 5g/LNaOCl最后冲洗根管。所有标本脱钙 ,从牙根的 4个部位作横向连续切片 ,HE染色。用图像软件分析根管内有机碎屑的含量。结果 :U组根管内有机碎屑的总量明显少于S组 (P <0 .0 1) ;从两组的各相应部位来看 ,颈 1/ 3和根中 1/ 3根管内碎屑的量无显著性差别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,根尖 2 .5mm和 1mm处碎屑的量有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)。结论 :2 5g/LNaOCl根管超声冲洗的效果比注射器冲洗效果好 ;超声冲洗提高了NaOCl的清洗作用     

超声波协同复合酶提取菟丝子总黄酮工艺优化

目的:将酶解法和超声波法联用,通过工艺优化提高菟丝子总黄酮的含量。方法:实验采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮提取率,选取酶解pH、酶解温度和超声时间3个指标为影响因素,菟丝子总黄酮提取率为响应值,Design-Expert 8.0统计分析软件的响应面分析法安排试验后获得最适合工艺参数。结果:最适合的工艺参数是PH为4.0,酶解温度为52.6℃,超声时间为20.3 min,在此条件下得到的总黄酮质量分数为23.39 mg·g~(-1)。结论:此工艺操作简单、稳定性好、总黄酮提取率高,可为菟丝子总黄酮的相关工业生产提供技术支持。     

清热明目方经超声雾化法治疗急性结膜炎的临床观察

[目的]以超声雾化器为载体,观察清热明目方治疗急性结膜炎的临床疗效。[方法]对308例616只眼确诊为急性结膜炎的患者随机分为3组,经统计学检验,3组总体具有可比性。治疗组110例220只眼,对照组108例216只眼,中药组90例180只眼。对照组用左氧氟沙星眼液滴眼,每日4次;治疗组在对照组基础上,加清热明目方超声雾化法熏眼,每日1次,每次20 min;中药组单用清热明目方超声雾化法熏眼,每日1次,每次20 min。治疗3 d和1周,对患者症状、体征进行疗效评定。[结果]1)治疗组总有效率为98.19%,对照组总有效率为88.97%,中药组总有效率为88.89%。2)治疗前后症状和体征进行比较分析,总体治疗组的改善程度要高于对照组。[结论]1)清热明目方经超声雾化法治疗急性结膜炎可以较快的改善症状,疗效确切。2)超声雾化法科学有效,用超声雾化法清热明目方治疗急性结膜炎在改善症状方面效果明显。     

鼻内镜治疗难治性鼻出血的疗效分析

目的：分析鼻内镜治疗难治性鼻出血的疗效,与传统的填塞止血方法比较。方法回顾性分析2013年1月－2014年12月接受治疗的鼻出血患者79例的临床资料。比较鼻内镜止血组（61例）与鼻腔填塞止血组（18例）的治疗效果、疼痛程度、再出血（治疗后至随访4周结束）、出血量（治疗开始至随访4周结束）、术后鼻腔恢复通气时间等。结果鼻内镜组患者治愈率为91．8％,高于鼻腔填塞组（72．2％）。术后4周内鼻内镜组患者再出血率为6．5％,低于鼻腔填塞组38．9％。治疗中鼻内镜组患者疼痛评分平均值为（3．11±2．72）,与鼻腔填塞组（3．74±1．49）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,治疗后疼痛评分平均值（1．59±0．48）低于鼻腔填塞组（3．43±1．37）。鼻内镜组总出血量（31．05±12．83） mL低于鼻腔内填塞组（51．09±18．32） mL。鼻内镜组术后主观鼻腔恢复通气时间（3．1±1．8）d短于鼻腔填塞组（6．4±1．8）d。以上各项指标两组比较,除治疗中患者疼痛评分平均值外,其他指标差异均有有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论鼻内镜下电凝止血术操作出血点位置准确,疗效可靠,出血量少,疼痛较轻,术后恢复较快,可作为难治性鼻出血的首选治疗方法。     

利用清热明目方超声雾化法干预兔眼结膜炎模型的实验研究

[目的]探讨利用清热明目方超声雾化法对兔眼结膜炎模型的治疗作用及机制研究。[方法]采用清热明目方水煎剂作为实验样品,以左氧氟沙星滴眼液作对照,用斑蝥酊刺激兔眼造成结膜炎模型,观察各实验组动物的眼刺激症状、结膜组织病理学变化及免疫组织化学方法观察白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在兔眼结膜的表达情况。[结果]各组确定造模成功即刻进行相应的治疗。病理组织学观察清热明目组、阳性对照组与模型组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。IL-1β阳性对照组与清热明目组在上皮细胞层表达较少,均优于模型组。IL-6、TNF-α模型组上皮层表达最明显。[结论]清热明目方超声雾化法治疗结膜炎有明显的疗效。对相关炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α进行免疫组织化学定位,进行定性分析,表明结膜炎与其有密切的关系。结膜上皮炎性因子的表达可以反映疾病的严重程度。     

载槲皮素-粉防己碱纳米凝胶的制备、表征与体外评价

[目的]制备一种纳米凝胶制剂以提高槲皮素及粉防己碱的生物利用度及抗氧化性。[方法]通过反相乳化法制备载槲皮素-粉防己碱纳米凝胶(QU-TE-NP);通过粒径与Zeta电位测定,透射电子显微镜(TEM),差示扫描量热分析(DSC)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)进行表征分析;高效液相法测定两种药物的载药率及包封率;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)清除实验比较槲皮素及该纳米凝胶的体外抗氧化性。[结果]该纳米凝胶通过钙离子交联,平均粒径为(38.86±1.81)nm,Zeta电位为(-15.9±4.1)m V,槲皮素和粉防己碱的载药率分别为(0.98±0.04)%和(2.75±0.07)%,包封率分别为(96.80±1.10)%和(94.80±0.90)%。纳米凝胶的抗氧化性明显优于槲皮素单体。[结论]纳米凝胶体系的制备可提高槲皮素及粉防己碱的水溶性,并增强其抗氧化能力。     

微波帮助提取中药金银花中有效成分的分析

目的:分析微波帮助提取中药金银花中有效成分的可行性。方法:以中药金银花作为提取对象,采用微波帮助提取以及超声波提取法对中药金银花有效成分进行提取。采用紫外可见分光光度法进行两种方法提取效果的对比。结果:紫外可见光光度法检测结果显示微波帮助提取金银花有效成分的提取率要比超声波提取法高30.2%。微波帮助提取恒定时间为1 min、超声波提取时间为40 min。结论:微波帮助提取中药金银花中有效成分的提取效果较佳,且所需时间较短,可对中药有效成分进行快速分析。