输血前感染性指标检测的结果分析

目的 探究输血患者其输血前感染状况，强调有关感染性检查项目设置的重要性。方法 ELISA法检测HBsAg，Anti—HCV，Anti—TP，Anti—HIV1／2；用速率法检测ALT。结果 HBsAg阳性率16％，Anti—HCV阳性率1．53％，Anti-TP阳性率1．31％，Anti—HIV1／2未检出阳性，ALT异常占18．1％。结论 输血前感染性指标检测可减少因输血引起的的医疗纠纷，有利于医务工作者的个人防护。     

单倍型供者淋巴细胞输注治疗复发性急性白血病

Objective To evaluate the effect of haploidentical lymphocyte infusion on refractory and relapse acute leukemia. Methods The haploidentical donor lymphocyte infusion was used to treat for relapse acute myeloid leukemia 3 patients (M2 2 eases, M4 lcase), one relapse acute lymphocyte leukemia from April 2006 to October 2007. Four cases who had accepted secondly regimens were ineffective,after relapse. Collecting donor lymphocytes, parents children as donor supply in 3 cases, mother as donor supply one case. Before donor lymphocyte infusion patients received chemotherapy of different regimens. Donor haploidentical iymphocytes irradiated by 6-8 Gy radial were infused when patients white cell count was at the lowest after the chemotherapy. The average of infusion cells was 2.3 (1.4-3.1)×108/kg. Results One patient acquired complete remission and two patients were effective in three relapse acute myeloid leukemia. It was ineffective in relapse acute lymphocyte leukemia. No transfusion related graft versus host disease was observed. One patient has had herpes zoster virus infection. Conclusion Haploidentical donor lymphocyte infusion with chemotherapy are effective for refractory and relapse in acute myeloid leukemia, but the infused cell quantity and irradiated dosage must be further discussed.     

静脉输液临床应用分析

目的:了解静脉输液的利用现状及趋势。方法:对1996年、1999年、2002年、2004年某三级甲等综合性医院输液的利用情 况进行统计、分析。结果:输液品种数、总量、总金额均逐年增加,输液销售总额占全年药品总额的10％左右;营养类和电解质类输 液的用量占大部分,其中葡萄糖和氯化钠注射液占总输液量的74％;治疗类输液增长快速,以抗感染类为主;每瓶输液疗法药品费 用逐年增加,输液疗法涉及药品金额为全年药品总额的60％。结论:输液的用量和消耗金额呈不断上升趋势。     

白细胞滤器降低临床输血感染的质量评价

目的探讨白细胞滤器性能的质量评价方法,降低输血反应发生率,确保临床患者安全输血. 方法应用全自动血细胞计数仪和Nageotte计数法测定过滤前后血液中白细胞浓度、血小板浓度及胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度. 结果滤过前后悬浮红细胞中的白细胞浓度分别为(7.18±1.84)×109/L和(2.14±2.82)×106/L;白细胞滤除率99.97%;过滤前后血小板计数分别为(166.86±54.23)×109/L和(38.19±11.82)×109/L,血小板去除率77.11%;过滤前后红细胞分别为(5.22±0.65)×1011/L和(4.67±0.612)×1011/L,红细胞回收率89.46%;滤过后胆固醇及甘油三酯浓度明显降低. 结论该白细胞滤器能够滤除绝大多数白细胞,减少输血患者感染机会;高效白细胞滤器的应用达到了确保临床输血安全,减少医院输血后感染和并发症,是临床输血工作中具有科学性和实用性的技术.     

Higher executive abilities following a blood transfusion in children and young adults with sickle cell disease

Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience cognitive deficits; however, it remains unclear whether medical treatments for SCD improve cognition. Given that executive abilities are typically impaired in individuals with SCD, they were the focus of the current study. Our primary hypothesis was that executive abilities would be higher acutely soon after a blood transfusion in children and young adults with SCD. We used tests from the NIH Toolbox to assess executive abilities in 27 participants with SCD receiving chronic transfusion in comparison to 34 participants with SCD receiving hydroxyurea (HU) and 41 non‐SCD demographically matched controls, all of whom were tested at two time points. Participants in the transfusion group completed cognitive testing within 3 days after a transfusion (soon after transfusion) and then within 3 days before their next transfusion (long after transfusion) over an interval of 3‐7 weeks. We found that executive abilities were significantly poorer for the transfusion and HU groups than for the control group. In support of our primary hypothesis, executive abilities for the transfusion group were significantly better soon after a transfusion compared to long after a transfusion, χ²(1) = 17.8, P < .0001. Our results demonstrate that executive abilities were higher acutely following a blood transfusion. These findings have implications for daily functioning, medical decision making, and academic achievement in children and young adults with SCD.     

Prediction of Hidden Blood Loss During Posterior Spinal Surgery

Objective Identification of the risk factors for extraordinary hidden blood loss (HBL) could clarify the underlying causes and provide more appropriate management. This study aims to identify the predictors of HBL in spinal surgery.