Visumax飞秒激光辅助制瓣LASIK术中不透明气泡层及相关因素

目的：研究Visumax飞秒激光辅助的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术中不透明气泡层（OBL）产生的类型、相关影响因素及其临床意义。方法：回顾性分析。收集2016 年7 月1 日至8 月20 日在南京医科大学附属眼科医院行飞秒LASIK的患者154 例（300 眼）的临床资料，等效球镜度为（-5.88±1.51）D。飞秒激光采用Zeiss公司 Visumax飞秒激光仪，将术中产生的OBL分为瓣外OBL、瓣内快速OBL和瓣内慢速OBL。300 眼按角膜曲率平均K值分为A组（<42 D）、B组（42～46 D）和C组（>46 D）；按角膜瓣的厚度分为D组（100 μm）、E组（110 μm）和F组（120 μm）；按角膜厚度分为G组（<500 μm）、H组（500～540 μm）和I组（>540 μm）。统计不同角膜曲率、角膜瓣厚度、角膜厚度情况下3 种OBL产生的比例，并采用多元Logistic回归模型进行统计分析。结果：300 眼均发生OBL。以瓣外OBL作为参照，角膜瓣越薄，越容易出现瓣内快速OBL（r=-0.719，P=0.034）和瓣内慢速OBL（r=-0.875，P=0.044）。以瓣内慢速OBL作为参照，角膜曲率越高，越容易出现瓣内快速OBL（r=0.923，P=0.046）；角膜瓣越厚，越容易出现瓣外OBL（r=0.897，P=0.044）。结论：OBL的产生与角膜曲率、角膜瓣厚度、角膜厚度均存在一定的相关性，但瓣外OBL、瓣内快速OBL和瓣内慢速OBL对Visumax飞秒激光辅助的LASIK术后视觉质量的影响及远期疗效仍有待进一步观察研究。     

Development and approval of live attenuated influenza vaccines based on Russian master donor viruses: Process challenges and success stories

Influenza is a viral infection that affects much of the global population each year. Vaccination remains the most effective tool for preventing the disease. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has been used since the 1950s to protect humans against seasonal influenza. LAIVs developed by the Institute of Experimental Medicine (IEM), Saint Petersburg, Russia, have been successfully used in Russia since 1987.In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a Global action plan for influenza vaccines (GAP). WHO, recognizing potential advantages of LAIV over the inactivated influenza vaccine in a pandemic situation, included LAIV in the GAP.BioDiem Ltd., a vaccine development company based in Melbourne, Australia which held the rights for the Russian LAIV, licensed this technology to WHO in 2009. WHO was permitted to grant sub-licenses to vaccine manufacturers in newly industrialized and developing countries to use the Russian LAIV for the development, manufacture, use and sale of pandemic and seasonal LAIVs. To date, WHO has granted sub-licenses to vaccine manufacturers in China (Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), India (Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.) and Thailand (Government Pharmaceutical Organization). In parallel, in 2009, IEM signed an agreement with WHO, under which IEM committed to supply pandemic and seasonal candidate vaccine viruses to the sub-licensees.This paper describes the progress made by collaborators from China, India, Russia and Thailand in developing preventive measures, including LAIV against pandemic influenza.     

两例 SMILE 术中特殊情况更改 SBK 手术的疗效观察

目的：通过对同一患者双眼不同手术方式的自身对比，了解飞秒扫描后改SBK手术的疗效差异，为不同患者屈光手术方式的选择提供临床指导依据。方法回顾分析2例右眼行飞秒激光小切口透镜取出术（ SMILE），左眼SMILE术中负压环脱失和激光扫描不良透镜分离困难而改行机械刀制瓣准分子激光手术（ SBK）的患者，比较术后视力、等效球镜（ SE）、对比敏感度（ CSF）、波前像差（ HAOS）以及泪膜破裂时间（ BUT）、泪液分泌功能试验（ Schimer I）和SPEED、OSDI干眼症状问卷调查分析差异。结果（1）术后个月，均能达到最佳矫正视力（BSCVA），等效球镜均在±0．75 D以内，双眼比较无显著性差异。（2）CSF的比较，左右眼无显著性差异，略低于正常水平。（3）术后3个月，BUT和Schimer检查中，双眼无显著性差异。（4）HAOS比较中，总像差RMS和高阶像差这两项， SMILE眼低于SBK眼；球差（S）的比较，SMILE眼高于SBK眼。（5）SPEED和OSDI问卷评分双眼无显著差异。结论 SMILE失败眼改SBK后视觉质量与SMILE眼无显著差异，其视觉质量、疗效不受影响。     

Extubación ultra fast-track vs. convencional tras cirugía cardiaca en un centro de referencia cardiovascular en Colombia. Estudio longitudinal

Introduction

The fast track / ultra-fast-track protocols are techniques used to optimise the patient care process and a quick recovery after cardiac surgery. They are one of the mainstays of efficient practice. With their use, the length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays are reduced, with a direct impact on costs and the quality of the health service.